1B- ANAT

Question 1

Erector pili muscle of hair

Question 2

sebaceous gland

Question 3

sweat gland

Question 4

epidermis

Question 5

dermis

Question 6

hypodermis

Question 7

What are the four stages of wound healing?

Answer 7

Hemostasis
Inflammatory Phase
Proliferative Phase
Remodeling Phase

Question 8

What is hemostasis?

Answer 8

Purpose is to stop bleeding, immediately after trauma

Question 9

What is inflammatory phase?

Answer 9

Purpose is to destroy bacteria and remove debris
* Specialized cells remove debris
* Growth factors and immune system cells present
* Inflammation, heat, pain
* Lasts for 4-6 days

Question 10

What is proliferative phase?

Answer 10

Granulation tissue fills wound bed with connective tissue and new
blood vessels form
* Wound margins contract
* Wound is covered by epithelial tissue until wound is covered
* Fibroblasts at work
* Lasts 4-24 days

Question 11

What is the remodeling phase?

Answer 11

Collagen fibers reorganize and remodel and mature
* Lasts up to 2 year

Question 12

How long is each phase of wound healing?

Answer 12

Hemostasis- immediately
Inflammatory- immediately, 4-6 days
proliferative- 4-24 days
remodeling- up to 2 years

Question 13

How does collagen and elastin change?

Answer 13

with age, smoking, or sun exposure

Question 14

What is fascicle?

Answer 14

bundle of muscle fibers

Question 15

What is endomysium?

Answer 15

Fibril meshwork surrounding
muscle fiber (fascicle); transfers contractile force to
tendon

Question 16

What is a muscle fiber?

Answer 16

individual cell in a muscle

Question 17

What units do muscle fibers have?

Answer 17

motor unit

Question 18

What determines if a muscle fiber will contract?

Answer 18

All or nothing signal

Question 19

how is the strength of a movement determined?

Answer 19

The number of motor units used

Question 20

What are myofibrils?

Answer 20

The contractile proteins

Question 21

What are sarcomeres?

Answer 21

The contractile unit of muscle

Question 22

What is the process of a muscle contraction?

Question 23

When is the muscle the strongest?

Answer 23

many actin and myosin fibers are connected but not overlapped- partially contracted

Question 24

What are the different muscle fiber orientations?

Answer 24

Multipennate
Bippennate
Unipennate
Fusiform

Question 25

What is multipennate?

Question 26

What is bipennate?

Question 27

What is unipennate?

Question 28

What is fusiform?

Question 29

What is sphincter?

Question 30

What is parallel muscle?

Question 31

What is convergent muscle?

Question 32

What are the types of muscle contractions?

Answer 32

concentric eccentric isometric

Question 33

What are concentric contractions?

Answer 33

brings two bones together

Question 34

What are eccentric contractions?

Answer 34

Two bones move farther apart

Question 35

What are isometric contractions?

Answer 35

Bones stay in the same place

Question 36

What is a tendon?

Answer 36

Attaches muscle to bone Two attachment points- origin and insertion or proximal and distal

Question 37

What is the purpose of the tendon?

Answer 37

To transfer force of muscle contraction to the bone

Question 38

When looking at a tendon, how does the body move?

Answer 38

Location of tendon attachment + Orientation of muscle fibers=Direction of bone movement

Question 39

Common language of muscle interactions include agonist, antagonist, and fixator, what does each mean?

Answer 39

agonist- moves the bone antagonist- needs to relax fixator- stabilizer

Question 40

When does active and passive insufficiency occur?

Answer 40

When a muscle crosses two joints because the position of one joint affects the ability for a muscle to contract- ex you have to bend your knees to touch your toes

Question 41

What is the difference in active and passive insufficiency?

Answer 41

active- shorten passive- tighten