1. Atomic structure

Question 0

What are atoms made up of?

Answer 0

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 1

What did early models of atomic structure predict?

Answer 1

Early models of atomic structure predicted that atoms and ions with Nobel gas electron arrangements should be stable.

Question 2

What are protons and neutrons also called?

Answer 2

Nucleons

Question 3

What value do we use in practice because of the minute masses and charges of sub-atomic particles?

Answer 3

Relative masses and charges

Question 4

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons must be the….

Answer 4

Same as the number of protons

Question 5

Which force are protons and neutrons in the nucleus held together by?

Answer 5

The strong nuclear force

Question 6

Which force is the strong nuclear force stronger than?

Answer 6

The electrostatic forces that hold electrons and protons together in the atoms. Hence, it overcomes the repulsion between protons in the nucleus.

Question 7

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 7

1/1840

Question 8

The number of electrons in each shell/orbital is equal to:

Answer 8

2n^2

Question 9

Electrons diagrams are…

Answer 9

The number of electrons in each shell, starting with the inner shell and working outwards (separated by a comma).

Question 10

What do the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom determine?

Answer 10

The chemical properties of an element (how it reacts)

Question 11

How do isotopes of the same element react chemically in relation to one another?

Answer 11

Different isotopes of the same element react chemically in exactly the same way.

Question 12

How do the isotopes of carbon combust?

Answer 12

All three types of carbon burn in oxygen to form carbon dioxide

Question 13

Radioactive isotopes decay at a rate measured by its half-life. What is a half life?

Answer 13

The time taken for half of its radioactivity to decay.

Question 14

What is the well–known radioactive carbon isotope called?

Answer 14

Carbon-14

Question 15

What is carbon-14 used to do?

Answer 15

Date organic matter. All living matter contains a small amount of carbon-14. The amount remaining is measured, this can be used to deduce the age of the matter.

Question 16

See mass spectrometry questions

Answer 16

See mass spectrometry questions

Question 17

What is an application of the mass spectrometer?

Answer 17

Space probes carry mass spectrometers to identify the elements in rock samples.

Question 18

Electrons in different main levels have the same or different amounts of energy?

Answer 18

They have differing amounts of energy.

Question 19

Apart from the first level which only has an s sub-level, the main energy levels are divided into sub-levels. What are they called?

Answer 19

S,p,d,f They have slightly different energies.

Question 20

What volume in space does an electron fill?

Answer 20

It’s atomic orbital

Question 21

How many electrons can a single atomic orbital possess?

Answer 21

A maximum of two electrons.

Question 22

p-orbitals always come in groups of…

Answer 22

Three (6 electrons)

Question 23

d-orbitals always come in groups of…

Answer 23

Five (10 electrons)

Question 24

Electrons have a property called…

Answer 24

Spin

Question 25

Two electrons in the same orbital have what type of spin?

Answer 25

They have opposite spins

Question 26

How is the spin of of an electron represented?

Answer 26

The electrons are represented by arrows pointing up or down to show the different directions of spin.

Question 27

What is the shape of an s-orbital?

Answer 27

Spherical

Question 28

What is the shape of an p-orbital?

Answer 28

An 8 shape

Question 29

What is the shape of a d-orbital?

Answer 29

Four-leaf clover and one with and 8 with a ring round it