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Biology > 1. Cell Division > Flashcards

1. Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of a nerve cell?

A
  • They send electrical impulses all around the body

- body’s communication system from body parts

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2
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A
  • contains genetic information of male parent

- has to go through female reproductive system to get to female egg

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3
Q

What is the function of muscle cells?

A
  • muscle cells are able to relax and contract

- they work together in tissues to form a muscle

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4
Q

What is the function of a ciliated epithelial cell?

A
  • They push dust and nucas up your throat to be swallowed
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5
Q

What are the functions of red blood cells?

A
  • red blood cells make up your blood

- they carry oxygen around your body

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6
Q

What are the special features of nerve cells?

A
  • lots of dendrites to create connections with other nerve cells.
  • the axon has adapted to be very long to get from one part of the body to another.
  • the synapse have lots more mitochondria for energy as they are needed to make transmitter chemicals.
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7
Q

What are the special features of sperm cells?

A
  • long tail to move sperm cell through water.
  • lots of mitochondria in mid section for energy for the tail.
  • Acrosome stores enzymes to break through egg.
  • large nucleus to hold genetic information.
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8
Q

What are the special features of muscle cells?

A
  • They contain special proteins that slide over each other making the fibres contract.
  • They have lots of mitochondria to transfer the energy needed for chemical reactions to happen.
  • they store glycogen for the mitochondria.
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9
Q

What are the special features of ciliated epithelial cells?

A
  • they have hairs that sway side to side to push the stuff up.
  • they are a box shape so that they can easily sit in a row along the throat.
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10
Q

What are the special features of red blood cells?

A
  • red blood cells are pinched in the centre which means the surface area is increased. The oxygen is carried on the surface to the more surface area the more oxygen that can go around the body.
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11
Q

What is the function of root hair cells?

A
  • found at the end of plant roots

- root hairs absorb water and minerals from the ground

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12
Q

What are the functions of Photosynthetic plant cells?

A
  • Allow the plant to photosynthesis
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13
Q

What is the function of xylem plant cells?

A
  • they act as a transport system for the plant

- they are found in the stem

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14
Q

What is the function of phloem cells?

A
  • specialised cells to transport the food made from photosynthesis
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15
Q

What are the specialised features of root hair cells?

A
  • they have a large surface area to maximise the amount of water intake.
  • they have large permanent vacuoles that speed up the movement pf water by osmosis from the soil.
  • no chloroplasts because they are underground and there is no sunlight.
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16
Q

What are the specialised features of photosynthetic plant cells?

A
  • they contain many chloroplasts that trap the light needed for photosynthesis.
  • they are positioned on the leaf and are in layers to absorb the most amount of light possible.
17
Q

What are the specialised features of xylem cells?

A
  • the cell has a tube in the middle thats is used to transport the minerals and water up the plant.
  • the spirals in the tube are very strong and can support the plant.
18
Q

What are the specialised features of phloem cells?

A
  • the cells can control what goes through the tubes by breaking down the cell wall to form special sieves. The dissolved food can move freely up and down to where in the plant it is needed.
19
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down a concentration gradient. Diffusion is continued until equilibrium is reached.

20
Q

What 3 things affect the rate of diffusion?

A

Concentration gradient, temperature, and surface area

21
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the movement of water from a low concentration to a high concentration through a partially permeable membrane.

22
Q

What does isotonic mean?

A

It refers to when both sides of a membrane have the same concentration.

23
Q

What does hypertonic mean?

A

It is when the concentration of solute in the solution outside the cells is higher than inside the cell.

24
Q

What does hypotonic mean?

A

Hypotonic is when the concentration of solute in the solution outside the cell is lower than the concentration inside the cell

25
Q

What is active transport?

A

Active transport is the movement of molecules or ions from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration.

Biology (9 decks)

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