2. Digestion

Question 1

What makes up an organism?

Answer 1

Cells - tissue - organs - organ system - organism

Question 2

What is bile?

Answer 2

• Bile is made in the liver
• stored in the gal bladder
• it is an alkaline which neutralises the hydrochloric acid in out stomach
• emulsifies fat to form small droplets which increases surface area

Question 3

Where are villi found and what do they do?

Answer 3

Villi are found in the small intestine. They increase surface area which increases the rate of diffusion and active transport.

Question 4

What are the 3 types of nutrients?

Answer 4

Carbohydrates, protein and fats

Question 5

What is protein made of?

Answer 5

Chains of amino acids (21 different types)

Question 6

What is the function of protein?

Answer 6

The function of protein is to build up cells and tissue and is the basis of most enzymes

Question 7

What are carbohydrates made of?

Answer 7

Carbohydrates can either be small units of sugar (glucose)

Or they can be long chains of sugars bonded togther

Question 8

What are enzymes?

Answer 8

• biological catalysis
• special proteins involved in metabolism
• help speed up reactions

Question 9

What is the purpose of digestive enzymes?

Answer 9

To break down the food into smaller soluble molecules to be diffused into the blood stream.

Question 10

What is the lock and key model?

Answer 10

Each enzyme has a specific substrate to break down. This is called the lock and key model. The active site of the enzyme is specific to the shape of the enzyme.

Question 11

What enzyme breaks down protein?

Answer 11

Amylase

Question 12

What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?

Answer 12

Salivary amylase

Question 13

What enzyme breaks down fats?

Answer 13

Bile

Question 14

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 14

Carbohydrates act as the bodies fuel and allow the reaction in our body to happen.

Question 15

What are fats made of?

Answer 15

Fats are made from a large unit of glycerol with 3 fatty acid ‘tails’.

Question 16

What effect does temperature have on an enzyme reaction.

Answer 16

If the temperature goes up then the amount of kinetic energy also increases. As a result enzymes and substrates collide more frequently.

Question 17

What happens as the temperature of the enzyme reaction increases.

Answer 17

The rate of reaction will increase until it passes the optimum where the enzyme denatures

Question 18

What is the effect of the pH level around an enzyme reaction?

Answer 18

Every enzyme has an optimum pH level which they work best in. If the pH is wrong for the enzyme then it changes the shape of the enzyme.