1. Cell Structure Flashcards
(14 cards)
Plant v Animal Cell
Plasma/cell Membrane
Membrane that separates the inside of the cell from the external environment. In bacterial and plant cells, a cell wall is attached to the plasma membrane on its outside surface.
Nucleus
Membrane-enclosed organelle that contains DNA/genetic information, present in eukaryotic cells. Acts as the control centre of the cell, DNA replication occurs in the nucleus.
Pores in the nuclear membrane allows for the selective passage of certain molecules (such as proteins and nucleic acids) in and out of the nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
Outer Membrane
It is a phospholipid bilayer. Acts as a barrier that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm, permeable only to small nonpolar molecule. The outer layer is made up of lipids which have ribosomes on the surface that are linked to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Inner Membrane
It contains proteins that rearrange the nucleus and chain the genetic material in position. It provides structural support to the nucleus, assists in DNA repair, cell division and also on DNA replication.
Mitochondria
Membrane-bound organelles found in both animal and plant cells. Site of cellular respiration. Through a series of chemical reactions, mitochondria breaks down glucose into an energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used to fuel other cellular processes.
Ribosomes
Free-moving organelles found in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum to form rough endoplasmic reticulum. Made up of both RNA and protein, it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell.
Ribosome reads the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, which grow into long chains that fold to form proteins.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
The ER serves many roles in the cell including calcium storage, protein synthesis and transport, and lipid metabolism. largest organelle in the cell.
Vacuole
Membrane-bound organelle.
In animal cells: the vacuoles are generally small, can aid in removal of waste but lysosomes tend to carry out this task. Mostly store substances depending on the type of cell.
In plant cells: Vacuoles maintain water balance, often taking up most of the space in the cell. The vacuole is crucial for growth and development and has a variety of functions, including storage and transport, intracellular environmental stability, and response to injury
Golgi Body
central intracellular membrane-bound organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell. made up of membranes such as tubules or vesicles. Golgi is located right near the nucleus.
Cell Wall
Separates the interior contents of the cell from the exterior environment. It also provides shape, support, and protection to the cell and its organelles. Found in eukaryotic plants, fungi, and a few prokaryotic organisms
Electron micrograph of an Animal Cell
Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules. It is the medium for chemical reaction where organelles can operate within the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
