(1) Chapter 3: Basics of Chemistry Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is chemistry?
Study of characteristics, composition, and matter
Define matter.
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Examples of matter include water, air, and rocks.
What are the three states of matter?
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
Each state has distinct properties and behavior.
Describe the properties of a liquid.
Has a definite volume but no definite shape
An example of a liquid is water.
Describe the properties of a gas.
No definite volume or shape, expands to fill its container
Air is a common example of a gas.
What is a chemical property?
Characteristic trait observed when matter undergoes changes
Examples include rusting of iron or combustion.
Fill in the blank: A _______ property can be observed without changing the matter.
[physical]
Physical properties are essential for identifying substances.
What is a physical change?
A change in which no new substances are formed; only the appearance is altered.
Example: Freezing or melting of ice.
What is a chemical change?
A change in which new substances are formed.
Example: Burning of paper.
What accompanies physical and chemical changes?
Energy changes.
All transformations involve heat transfer.
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction that releases heat energy.
Example: A container feels warmer during a reaction.
What is an endothermic reaction?
A reaction that absorbs heat energy.
Example: A container feels cold while melting ice.
True or False: In a chemical change, the original substances can always be recovered.
False
Chemical changes typically result in new substances that cannot revert to the original.
What is an element?
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Elements are represented in the periodic table.
What are compounds?
Substances formed from two or more elements chemically combined
Examples include water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
What is an example of a compound?
Water (H2O)
Compounds have properties different from the individual elements that compose them.
What is a mixture?
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded
Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Define heterogeneous mixture.
A mixture in which the components can be physically separated and are not uniform
Examples include salad and sandy water.
Define homogeneous mixture.
A mixture that is uniform in composition and cannot be easily separated
An example is saltwater.
True or False: Compounds can be separated by physical means.
False
Compounds can only be separated by chemical means.
What is a solution?
A homogeneous mixture where one substance is dissolved in another
Examples include sugar in water and air.
What is the symbol for Sodium?
Na
Sodium is also known as Natrium in Latin.
What is the symbol for Gold?
Au
Gold’s symbol comes from its Latin name ‘Aurum’.
What is the symbol for Iron?
Fe
Iron is derived from its Latin name ‘Ferrum’.
