(4) Chapter 9: Electrons, Atoms, and The Periodic Table Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is electronic configuration?
The arrangement of electrons around the nucleus in an atom of an element.
This concept is crucial for understanding how atoms interact and bond with each other.
What does white light consist of?
Many colors.
White light can be separated into its component colors through various methods, such as using a prism.
What is the visible region of white light?
The small range of colors that our eyes can perceive called the visible region.
What is the behavior of light as a wave?
Light behaves as a wave, which is a means of transporting energy from one place to another.
What is the behavior of light as a particle?
Light behaves as a particle, and at a particular point, it has its own energy.
Fill in the blank: Light behaves as a _______ and as a particle.
wave
What does the term ‘energy level’ refer to in the context of electrons?
An energy level is denoted by n where n = 1, 2, 3, … ∞. Higher n indicates higher energy levels.
Energy levels represent the quantized states that electrons can occupy in an atom.
What is the ground state of an electron?
The ground state is when the electron is in the lowest possible energy level.
This state is analogous to an hotel building where the ground floor represents the energy levels of electronic configuration.
Fill in the blank: The electron is stable in the ground state due to the attraction from the _______ in the nucleus.
Protons.
This attraction is a fundamental force that keeps the electron from moving to higher energy levels without external energy input.
What happens when energy is supplied to an electron?
The electron absorbs energy and moves to a higher energy level, known as an excited state causing the electrons to be unstable.
Fill in the blank: Colors are observed when an electron goes from a _______ energy level to a ________ energy level.
Higher, lower. Example, fireworks when they go up and when they explode and go down you see color.
What does the term ‘sublevel’ refer to in atomic structure?
The shape of an atomic orbital
Sublevels are described by the letters s, p, d, f, etc.
How many sublevels can be found in a given energy level?
Depends on the value of the principal quantum number (n)
For example, for n=1, there is 1 sublevel; for n=2, there are 2 sublevels (s and p).
What letters designate the types of sublevels in atomic structure?
s, p, d, f, …
These letters correspond to different shapes of atomic orbitals.
What does the term ‘sublevel’ refer to in atomic structure?
Different rooms on a certain hotel building floor
Fill in the blank: The 3d sublevel is part of the _______ energy level.
n=3
Fill in the blank: For sublevel s there is ________ atomic orbital and it can hold a maximum of ______ electrons.
1, and 2.
As the sub level increases, the number of atomic orbitals, increases by two. Atomic orbitals are like the beds in the room on a specific floor in a hotel building.
Due to the Spin of an Electron (Ms) what is the maximum amount of electrons that fit in an atomic orbital?
2.
For sublevel d, how many electrons maximum can be on this sublevel?
10.
What is the electronic configuration for Na (11 electrons)? * Remember the orbital filling diagram
1s^2
2s^2 2p^6
3s^1
What is the formula for the maximum number of electrons in an energy level?
2(n²)
Where n is the principal quantum number of the energy level.
What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy level?
2
This is calculated using the formula 2n², where n=1.
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy level?
8
This is calculated using the formula 2n², where n=2.
Fill in the blank: In the Aufbau principle, electrons fill _______ energy orbitals before higher ones.
lower
