1. Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Question 1

What is movement?

Answer 1

the action of an organism or a part of it which causes a change in position/place

Question 2

What is respiration?

Answer 2

chemical reaction that takes place in cells which break down nutrient molecules, releasing energy (for metabolism)

Question 3

What is sensitivity?

Answer 3

the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal/external environment

Question 4

What is growth?

Answer 4

the permanent increase in size and dry mass

Question 5

What is reproduction?

Answer 5

the process which makes more of the same type of organism

Question 6

What is excretion?

Answer 6

removal of toxic waste products of metabolism and of substances which are in excess

Question 7

What is nutrition?

Answer 7

the taking in of nutrients/materials for growth, energy and development

Question 8

What are some examples of excretory products?

Answer 8

CO2, urea and sweat

Question 9

What are some processes of excretion?

Answer 9

exhaling + gas exchange
urination
thermoregulation

Question 10

What is egestion?

Answer 10

removal of undigested material as faeces

Question 11

What is an example of sensitivity?

Answer 11

leaves changing direction to face sun

Question 12

What are the main features used to group animals/plants into their kingdoms?

Answer 12

movement
respiration
sensitivity
growth
reproduction
excretion
nutrition

Question 13

What are leaves from monocotyledons like?

Answer 13

they have parallel leaf veins

Question 14

What are leaves from dicotyledons like?

Answer 14

have reticulated leaf veins (web-like)

Question 15

What are flowers from dicotyledons like?

Answer 15

petals in multiples of 4/5

Question 16

What are flowers from monocotyledons like?

Answer 16

petals in multiples of 3

Question 17

What are features of the animal kingdom?

Answer 17

move
sexual reproduction
cells have nucleus
multicellular
respire through mitochondria and cytoplasm
both passive and active mechanism
heterotrophic nutrition

Question 18

Which kingdoms are or can be heterotrophic?

Answer 18

animal, prokaryote, protist and fungi (all except plant)

Question 19

Which is the only only autotrophic kingdom?

Answer 19

plant

Question 20

Which kingdom contains only unicellular organisms?

Answer 20

prokaryote

Question 21

What two kingdoms can use active mechanism of excretion?

Answer 21

animal and plant

Question 22

What are the features (simple structure) of viruses?

Answer 22

protein coat and genetic material

Question 23

Which kingdom only contains organisms with no nucleus?

Answer 23

prokaryote

Question 24

How can organisms be classified into groups?

Answer 24

by the features that they share

Question 25

What is a species?

Answer 25

a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 26

What is the binomial system of naming species?

Answer 26

an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts, showing the genus and species

Question 27

What do classification systems aim to do?

Answer 27

reflect evolutionary relationships

Question 28

What is used as a means of classification?

Answer 28

the sequences of bases in DNA

Question 29

What do groups of organisms which share a more recent ancestor have in common?

Answer 29

have base sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancestor

Question 30

What are the main vertebrate groups?

Answer 30

mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish

Question 31

What are the main arthropod groups?

Answer 31

myriapods, insects, arachnids, crustaceans

Question 32

Features of mammals

Answer 32

- warm blooded - breathe w/ lungs - land or/and water - fur/hair - external ear - almost all give birth to live young ones - feed young w/ milk

Question 33

Features of birds

Answer 33

- warm blooded - breathe w/ lungs - feathers - streamlined, reduce air resistance - forelimbs = wings and hindlimbs = scaly and claws - feed w/ beaks - internal fertilisation

Question 34

Features of reptiles

Answer 34

- cold blooded - body covered in scales or plates preventing water loss - breathe w/ lungs - most have 4 limbs/legs, each with 5 toes + claws - internal fertilisation

Question 35

Features of amphibians

Answer 35

- cold blooded - slimy, moist skin, no scales - eggs laid in water, external fertilisation - adults mostly live on land but return to water for fertilisation - eggs hatch into tadpoles living in water - adults: lungs / tadpoles: gills - moist skin also helps to breathe

Question 36

Features of fish

Answer 36

- cold blooded - aquatic - almost all breathe w/ gills - scales cover body - fins: help swim - streamlined shape: minimises resistance - eggs laid in water, external fertilisation

Question 37

Features of myriapods

Answer 37

- many legs (1/2 pairs per body segment) - many body parts, no distinct thorax/abdomen - one pair of antenna - no wings

Question 38

Features of insects

Answer 38

- six legs - head, thorax, abdomen - one pair of antenna - 1/2 pairs of wings

Question 39

Features of arachnids

Answer 39

- eight legs - cephalothorax and abdomen - no antenna nor wings

Question 40

Features of crustaceans

Answer 40

- 10+ legs - head, thorax, abdomen (sometimes cephalothorax) - two pairs of antenna - no wings

Question 41

What is the cephalothorax?

Answer 41

head and thorax fused

Question 42

What do viruses consist of?

Answer 42

protein coat, genetic material

Question 43

Animal features

Answer 43

multicellular heterotrophs

Question 44

Protoctist features

Answer 44

most are unicellular, can be auto/heterotrophs

Question 45

Prokaryote features

Answer 45

unicellular. can be auto/heterotrophs. autotrophs have chlorophyll but no chloroplasts

Question 46

Plant features

Answer 46

multicellular autotrophs

Question 47

Fungus features

Answer 47

may be uni or multicellular. some are heterotrophs and some are sapotrophs

Question 48

Dicotyledon features

Answer 48

two cotyledons network of veins leaves are broad and short vascular bundles arranged in a ring in the stem tap root petals in 4/5 multiples

Question 49

Monocotyledon features

Answer 49

one cotyledon parallel veins leaves are narrow and long vascular bundles scattered in stem fibrous roots petals in multiples of 3

Question 50

Fern features

Answer 50

roots, stem and fronds leaves produce spores, which are light and dispersed by wind to germinate and grow into new fern plants stem below ground

Question 51

Flowering plants features

Answer 51

seeds formed in flowers monocotyledon or dicotyledon