1 - Child development

Question 1

What are all the different types of development?

Answer 1

Physical, cognitive, communication and language, social and emotional

Question 2

Describe/examples physical development

Answer 2

The body increases in skill and becomes more complex
Eg. running, using a spoon

Question 3

Importance of physical development

Answer 3

• movement of the body
• control over the hands

Question 4

Describe/examples of cognitive development

Answer 4

The ability to think, recognise and remember
Eg. recognising faces, putting toys in right place

Question 5

Importance of cognitive development

Answer 5

• learn new things
• remember everything
• helping children think and solve problems

Question 6

Describe/examples of language development

Answer 6

The ability to make sounds, talk, understands and interact with others
Eg. explaining, following instructions

Question 7

Importance of language development

Answer 7

-help children understand what others are saying
- helps express their feelings and ideas

Question 8

Describe/examples of social and emotional development

Answer 8

The ability to interact with others, develop, manage, express feeling and become more independent
Eg. sharing toys, trying something new

Question 9

Importance of social and emotional development

Answer 9

• helps children be with others
• helps them play fairly
• helps them control their feelings and behaviour

Question 10

Description of holistic development

Answer 10

How all the different areas of development are linked together

Question 11

Description of development follows a sequence

Answer 11

If a child has not gained a skill it will affect the development
Eg - a baby cannot walk until he has the skill of standing

Question 12

Describe/examples of fine motor skills

Answer 12

Coordination of small muscles, precise movements and hand-eye coordination
Eg. holding a crayon, fastening a zip

Question 13

What are the 2 types of physical development

Answer 13

• fine motor skills
• gross motor skills

Question 14

Describe/examples of gross motor skills

Answer 14

Coordination of the large muscles of the arms, legs and torso
Eg. walking, balancing

Question 15

Difference between palmar and pincer grasp

Answer 15

Palmar - held in child’s fist
Pincer - held between thumb and forefinger

Question 16

Fine motor skills milestones at birth

Answer 16

• hands firmly closed
• fold their thumb under their fingers

Question 17

Fine motor skills milestones at 1 year

Answer 17

• point using their index finger
• pass and release toys
• clasp hands together
• hold crayon with palmar grasp

Question 18

Fine motor skills milestones at 2 years

Answer 18

• pull apart interlocking toys
• use pincer grip to pick up small objects
• draw lines, dots and circles

Question 19

Fine motor skills milestones at 3 years

Answer 19

• preference of dominant hand
• fasten a large zip
• draw person with a head

Question 20

Fine motor skills milestones at 4 years

Answer 20

• fasten buttons
• use spoon and fork
• draw a figure resembling a person

Question 21

Fine motor skills milestones at 5 years

Answer 21

• use knife and fork
• thread small beads
• draw a person

Question 22

Gross motor skills milestones at birth

Answer 22

• lie on back with head to one side
• lag head when pulled to sitting position

Question 23

Meaning of cruise

Answer 23

How babies walk about by holding onto furniture

Question 24

Gross motor skills milestones at 1 year

Answer 24

• stand and may cruise around
• sit from standing
• more mobile

Question 25

Gross motor skills milestones at 2 years

Answer 25

- walk up and down stairs with adults hand - run with control - throw and kick a ball

Question 26

Gross motor skills milestones at 3 years

Answer 26

- walk backwards/sideways - ride a tricycle - jump from low step - throw and catch a ball

Question 27

Gross motor skills milestones at 4 years

Answer 27

- stand/run on tiptoes - hop - change directions when running - catch, kick, throw and bounce a ball

Question 28

Gross motor skills milestones at 5 years

Answer 28

- skip and move to music - hop of each foot - rode bicycle with stabilisers

Question 29

What are the 4 reflexes that newborns make and meaning

Answer 29

- primitive reflexes - movements made automatically - rooting - search for milk using their mouth - asymmetric tonic neck reflex - if head turns to one side the knee and arm bend on the other side - moro reflex - throws head and arms back, then brings them back in before crying

Question 30

Cognitive milestones at birth

Answer 30

- turn head to bright light - likes looking at contrasting patterns - startled by sudden noises - range of primitive reflexes - shows asymmetric tonic neck reflex and moro reflex

Question 31

Cognitive milestones at 1 year

Answer 31

- understands simple instructions - respond to gestures - anticipate future routines

Question 32

Cognitive milestones at 2 years

Answer 32

- understand mirror is a reflection - understand consequences of actions - name pictures and objects in a book

Question 33

Cognitive milestones at 3 years

Answer 33

- recognise objects heavy and light - show awareness of present and past - ask why - sort objects into size and shape

Question 34

Cognitive milestones at 4 years

Answer 34

- name some colours - count to 10 - recall stories and rhymes - confused between fantasy and reality

Question 35

Cognitive milestones at 5 years

Answer 35

- gives meaning to makes they make and see - count to 20 - understand basic rules - interested in reading and writing

Question 36

Language milestones at birth

Answer 36

- recognise mothers voice - not able to hear soft sounds - cry’s to indicate need

Question 37

Language milestones at 1 year

Answer 37

- babble tunefully - raise tone to gain attention - follow simple instructions - understand simple frequent words

Question 38

Language milestones at 2 years

Answer 38

- use 50 words or more - join 2 words together - refer to self by name - understand a wide range of words

Question 39

Language milestones at 3 years

Answer 39

- use 200 words or more - ask questions constantly - join in simple rhymes

Question 40

Language milestones at 4 years

Answer 40

- understood easily by others - enjoy telling and sharing stories - knows several rhymes and songs

Question 41

Language milestone at 5 years

Answer 41

- show signs of reading - concentrate and maintain stories - use language and gestures to convey meaning - speech mostly grammatically correct

Question 42

Difference between social and emotional development

Answer 42

Social - learning to be with others Emotional - managing feelings

Question 43

Social and emotional milestones at birth

Answer 43

- imitate facial expressions - express pleasure at bath time - enjoy physical touch

Question 44

Social and emotional milestones at 1 year

Answer 44

- enjoy playing simple games - cry if unable to see carer - dependent on others - play alone happily

Question 45

Social and emotional milestones at 2 years

Answer 45

- confident and curious exploring environment - feel frustrated when unable to express feelings - clingy at times but independent at others

Question 46

Social and emotional milestones at 3 years

Answer 46

- enjoy playing with other children - express emotions - enjoy imaginative and creative play experiences - like to do tasks unaided

Question 47

Social and emotional milestones at 4 years

Answer 47

- welcome and value praise - more confident in new situations - sensitive to others - fearful as imagination increases

Question 48

Social and emotional milestones at 5 years

Answer 48

- enjoy group play - definite likes and dislikes - describe self in a positive way - gain confidence - more independent