2 - Factors that influence development Flashcards
Difference between nature and nurture
Nature - before being born, biological influences
Nurture - after being born, environmental influences
Difference between biological and environmental influences
Biological - result of the way we have been made
Environmental - happened or happening to a child that will affect their development
Nature
What are the biological influences?
Genetic - if there are extra/less genes it can cause health problems
Inherited characteristics - aspects of a child’s health and development can be traced back to their biological family
Nurture
What are the environmental influences?
Needs - wether the child’s basic needs have been met
Taught - what the child have been taught by the carers
Debate - how nature and nurture impact child development
- both nature and nurture come together to influence a child’s development
- eg - child born gene responsible for eczema (only flares up when stressed) - adults find ways of making the child feel less stressed
Effects of biological factors
Inherited - affect the child’s look
Health - some health conditions can be biological - eg. eczema can be uncomfortable which can prevent children from from sleeping at night
Examples of environmental factors
Child’s experience of
- people
- places
- relationships
- situations
- circumstances
Examples of opportunities that a child could have living in an urban area
- swimming
- ice skating
- cinemas
- museums
Examples of opportunities that a child could have living in a rural area
- learn about nature
- more time outdoors
Examples of some socio-economic factors
High income earners - choices of living, what they can provide for their child (clothes, education)
Low income earners - harder to afford clothes, holidays, etc
How can a child’s home affect their development
- bigger home can mean more space (could have a pet)
- smaller home might not be able to have friends round, if rented may not be able to have a pet
Abuse - effect on child’s development
- effect social and emotional development (feel unloved, hard to trust people)
- effect physical development if physical abuse
Neglect - effect on child’s development
- not looked after properly
- more health problems
- parents don’t keep children clean, feed or keep them safe
Drugs/alcohol - effect on child’s development
- if parents using drugs/alcohol they may not meet child’s basic needs or give them love/affection
- effects social and emotional development
Healthy diet - effects on child’s development
- meets child’s nutritional needs
- helps children fight infection
- important for growth and energy
Poor diet - effects on child’s development
- food that has high fat and sugars
- more calories then needed
- cause tooth decay
- struggle to fight infection
- overweight so physical development harder
What are the 2 types of stimulation
- language-rich environment - chat to responsive adults, share books, listen to stories
- play experiences - play indoors, explore outdoors, range of resources
Why is having a positive relationship with an adult is important
- gives children confidence
- what loving and caring means
- learn to manage their feelings
- feel valued and safe
5 examples of short-term effects of biological factors
- limited learning opportunities - listening problems
- limited concentration when at childcare setting - health conditions
- withdrawn social behaviour - not be able to spend time with other children affect social development
- insecure parental attachment - parents find it hard to bond with child
- secure parental attachment - develop good bonds with parents
6 examples of long-term effects of biological factors
- reduced educational attainment - missed to much school, hard to concentrate
- limited range of career choices - health conditions, unqualified
- declining growth - inherited conditions affect body’s ability to grow
- mental illness - feeling different (loses their confidence), mental illnesses
- difficulty managing feelings - emotional development affected, missed out socialising, might not have strong bonds with key adults
- meeting/not meeting milestones - medical conditions, missed opportunities, learning difficulties
6 examples of short-term effects of environmental factors on health and development
- weight gain - poor diet, not able to exercise much
- illness and deficiencies - unhealthy diet, neglected/abused, housing conditions
- positive feelings of wellbeing - positive relationships, opportunities for stimulation, safe housing
- meeting milestones - basic needs, opportunities for stimulation
- not meeting milestones - not meeting basic needs, effects the development sequence
- secure/insecure parental attachment - physical affection (effect social/emotional development), secure attachment more likely if parents have healthy lifestyle
8 examples of long-term effects of environmental factors on health on development
- limited range of career choices - low confidence, lack of stimulation
- healthy body weight - healthy diet, opportunities for exercise
- nutritional deficiency - neglect, unhealthy diet
- pain - physical abuse
- successful education - positive relationships, provision of education, basic needs met
- meeting milestones - basic needs met, healthy diet
- not meeting milestones - basic needs unmet, lack of exercise, neglect
- positive emotional wellbeing - positive relationships, opportunities for interaction
What are the different types of transitions
- expected transitions
- unexpected transitions
Meaning of transition
The change from one stage or state to another
