//1. Communication in a Connected World

Question 1

What are the topics for this Module?

Answer 1

1. Network types
2. Data Transmission
3. Bandwidth and Throughput

Question 2

Networks installed in small offices, or homes and home offices, are referred to as?

Answer 2

Small Office / Home Office (SOHO)

Question 3

SOHO networks let you share resources like?

Answer 3

Printers, documents, pictures, and music, between a few local users.

Question 4

In business, large networks can be used to what?

Answer 4

Advertise and sell products, order supplies, and communicate with customers.

Question 5

The internet is considered a “___________” because it is literally made up of thousands of local networks that are connected to each other.

Answer 5

“network of networks”

Question 6

____________ Connect a few computers to each other and to the internet.

Answer 6

Small Home Networks

Question 7

The __________ network allows computers in a home office or a remote office to connect to a corporate network, or access centralized, shared resources.

Answer 7

Small Office and Home Office Networks (SOHO)

Question 8

__________ networks, such as those used by corporations and schools, can have many locations with hundreds or thousands of interconnected hosts.

Answer 8

Medium to large

Question 9

The __________ is a network of networks that connects hundreds of millions of computers world-wide.

Answer 9

Internet / World wide networks

Question 10

Can be placed in or on objects to track them or monitor sensors for many conditions.

Answer 10

Radio frequency identification (RFIDs)

Question 11

What type of network allows computers in a home office or a remote office to connect to a corporate network?

Answer 11

Small office home office network

Question 12

What can be placed in or on a package so that it can be tracked?

Answer 12

RFID Tag

Question 13

What is data in its raw form?

Answer 13

It is the information that you input.

Question 14

What type of data that you offer yourself? You realize that data is being collected to you and you agree to share it.

Answer 14

Volunteered data

Question 15

This is the type of data that you generate by your activities. Like credit cards, which every place you used your credit card will know your location or any other info.

Answer 15

Inferred data

Question 16

This type of data is collected by passively observing and recording events, behaviors, or phenomena as they naturally occur, without any intentional manipulation or interference.

This could include recording customer behavior in a store, monitoring wildlife in their natural habitat, or tracking website traffic patterns.

Answer 16

Observed data

Question 17

Computers and networks only work with?

Answer 17

Binary digits

Question 18

All of our data is stored and transmitted as?

Answer 18

Series of bits

Question 19

Each bits can only have?

Answer 19

Two possible values. 1 or 0

Question 20

The term bit is an abbreviation of?

Answer 20

Binary Digit

Question 21

The _______ represents the smallest piece of data.

Answer 21

A bit

Question 22

Computers only interprets patterns of?

Answer 22

bits

Question 23

A bit is stored and transmitted as one of two possible discrete states like what?

Answer 23

This can include two directions of magnetization, two distinct voltage or current levels, two distinct levels of light intensity, or any other physical system of two discrete states. For example, a light switch can be either On or Off; in binary representation, these states would correspond to 1 and 0 respectively.

Question 24

Computer manufacturers agreed to use one code called the ?

Answer 24

ASCII

Question 25

What is the meaning of ASCII?

Answer 25

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Question 26

With ASCII, each character is represented by?

Answer 26

Eight bits. For example: Capital letter: A = 01000001 Number: 9 = 00111001 Special character: # = 00100011

Question 27

After the data is transformed into a series of bits, it must be converted into __________ that can be sent across the network media to its destination.

Answer 27

signals

Question 28

Refers to the physical medium on which the signals are transmitted

Answer 28

Media

Question 29

Examples of media are?

Answer 29

copper wire, fiber-optic cable, and electromagnetic waves through the air.

Question 30

A signal consists of or _________ that are transmitted from one connected device to another.

Answer 30

Electrical or Optical Pattern

Question 31

What are the three common methods of signal transmission used in networks?

Answer 31

Electrical signals - Transmission is achieved by representing data as electrical pulses on copper wire. Optical signals - Transmission is achieved by converting the electrical signals into light pulses. Wireless signals - Transmission is achieved by using infrared, microwave, or radio waves through the air.

Question 32

Rate of transfer is usually discussed in terms of?

Answer 32

Bandwidth and Throughput

Question 33

Bandwidth is the _________ of a medium to carry data.

Answer 33

capacity

Question 34

It measures the amount of data that can flow from one place to another in a given amount of time.

Answer 34

Digital Bandwidth

Question 35

What are the 5 units of bandwidth and its abbreviation?

Answer 35

1. Bits per second = bps 2. Kilobits per second = Kbps 3. Megabits per second = Mbps 4. Gigabits per second = Gbps 5. Terabits per second = Tbps

Question 36

_________ is the measure of the transfer of bits across the media over a given period of time. However, due to a number of factors, __________ does not usually match the specified bandwidth.

Answer 36

Throughput

Question 37

What are some factors that affect throughput?

Answer 37

The amount of data being sent and received over the connection The types of data being transmitted The latency created by the number of network devices encountered between source and destination

Question 38

refers to the amount of time, including delays, for data to travel from one given point to another.

Answer 38

Latency

Question 39

Explain this: In an internetwork or network with multiple segments, throughput cannot be faster than the slowest link of the path from sending device to the receiving device. Even if all or most of the segments have high bandwidth, it will only take one segment in the path with lower bandwidth to create a slowdown of the throughput of the entire network.

Answer 39

This explanation describes the bottleneck effect in networking. Let's break it down step by step: 1. Understanding Throughput & Bandwidth Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data that a link can transfer per second (e.g., 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps). Throughput is the actual speed at which data travels across the network, which depends on factors like network congestion, latency, and hardware limitations. 2. The Slowest Link Determines the Speed In a network with multiple segments (or an internetwork), data travels through multiple links between the sender and receiver. If one of those links has a lower bandwidth, it will become the bottleneck and limit the overall throughput. This is similar to traffic on a road—even if most roads are wide highways, a single narrow street can slow down traffic for everyone. 3. Example Scenario Imagine you have a path between two devices with the following bandwidths: Segment 1: 1 Gbps Segment 2: 100 Mbps (Bottleneck) Segment 3: 1 Gbps Even though most of the network is fast (1 Gbps), the slowest link (100 Mbps) restricts the entire data transfer speed. Data cannot flow faster than this bottleneck. 4. Real-World Impact If an organization upgrades some network links but leaves others outdated (e.g., a slow ISP connection), the throughput will still be limited by the slowest part. This is why end-to-end performance is crucial—just upgrading certain parts of a network won’t necessarily improve speeds unless all segments are optimized.