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CardioPulm 2 > 1] CP Topics In Peds > Flashcards

1] CP Topics In Peds Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

What weeks does the respiratory system begin to develop?

A

Weeks 4 - 7

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2
Q

Bronchial buds continue to evolve until all segments are formed; what weeks?

A

Week 7 - 16

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3
Q

Around what week does the diameter expand?

A

Week 13

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4
Q

By what week are all major lung structures developed

A

Week 16

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5
Q

Blood vessels and alveolar ducts have developed by what weeks?

A

Weeks 16 - 24

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6
Q

Type I and Type II pneumocytes have began to differentiate at week

A

Week 19

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7
Q

Fetal breathing at week?

A

Week 20

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8
Q

Sufficient alveolar precursors have
matured so that a baby born prematurely at thistime can usually breathe on its own
At week ?

A

Week 28

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9
Q

Alveoli develop and mature until the age of ?

A

8 years old

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10
Q

Less what type fibers in the diaphragm of an infant?

A

Less type 1 fibers

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11
Q

Age 0 - 3 months chest wall is ?

A

Triangular in anterior plane and circular from lateral view

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12
Q

The ribs are what age 0 - 3 months

A

Horizontal

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13
Q

Independent sitting happens around what months?

A

6 - 12 months

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14
Q

Chest becomes elliptical in what view at 6 - 12 months

A

Lateral view

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15
Q

Mutation of a gene on chromosome 7 that produces a protein called CFTR

A

Cystic fibrosis

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16
Q

Problems with CF

A

Chronic inflammation and infection in airways, digestive enzymes cant reach stomach, at risk for DIOS

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17
Q

Antibiotic therapies, steroids, bronchodilators, hypertonic saline and pulmozyme and new meds help manage?

A

CF

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18
Q

Autosomal recessive disease that effects the growth and function of hair-like structures called cilia

A

PCD

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

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19
Q

Life expectancy for PCD is?

A

Normal

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20
Q

What 4 parts of the body does PCD affect?

A

Sinus
Lungs
Ears
Reproductive system

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21
Q

Sinus rinses, bronchodilators, hypertonic saline, Pulmozyme.
Steroids and antibiotics similar to those used with CF
Airway Clearance
Exercise
All help to manage?

A

PCD

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22
Q

Saccharine tests for CF

A

Less than 60 minutes

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23
Q

Saccharine test for PCD

A

More than 60 minutes

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24
Q

Sweat test for CF vs PCD

A

Normal to elevated for CF

Normal for PCD

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25
Lung disease for CF vs PCD
Progressive for CF | Stable for PCD
26
Life expectancy for CF vs PCD
Limited for CF | Normal for PCD
27
A serious lung condition that affects infants, primarily the premature infants
BPD | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
28
commonly associated with low birth weight, prematurity, low amount of surfactant, supplemental O2 support
BPD
29
What is RDS
Respiratory distress syndrome; its when the infant lungs are not fully formed and it affects their ability to make surfactant
30
What is surfactant?
A liquid that coats the lungs that keep the lungs open to allow for spontaneous breathing when born
31
Outcome of BPD
Most babies show improvement over time with proper management
32
Medical management: Bronchodilators, steroids, and diuretics Supplemental O2 via nasal cannula, CPAP, or mechanical ventilation Surfactant replacement therapy Emphasis on nutrition and caloric intake
Management of BPD
33
WHat does BPD stand for?
Broncopulmonary dysplasia
34
Survivors of BPD are at increased risk for ?
Respiratory disease and infection, asthma like disease, arterial hypertension
35
A birth defect formed in uterus where there is 1 or more abnormal connections b/w the esophagus and trachea
TEF
36
What does TEF stand for
Tracheoesophageal fistula
37
What happens in TEF? Patho wise
Fluids improperly pass through to trachea and lungs during swallowing
38
TEF is commonly seen with
Trisomy 13,18,21 Heart issues VACTERL syndrome Kidney and urinary issues
39
How do you fix TEF
Surgery | PEP therapy for tracheomalacia
40
What’s tracheomalacia
Cartilage that keeps trachea open is so soft that it kind of collapses especially during increased airflow
41
Most common (90%) congenital deformity of the chest wall with worsening at time of the adolescent growth spurt
Pectus excavatum
42
Pectus excavatum is higher prevalence with ?
Caucasian and Marfan syndrome
43
Acquired pectus excavatum is seen with ?
Severe chronic upper or lower airway obstruction
44
Abnormal growth of the costochondral cartilage
Pectus excavatum
45
Pectus excavatum appears?
Caved in
46
Signs and Sx of severe cases of pectus excavatum is when the sternum compresses the <3
Recurrent respiratory infections, Chest pain, Heart murmur Development of scoliosis or displacement of vertebral bodies
47
Clinical presentation of pectus excavatum
``` Thoracic kyphosis Rounded shoulders Rotated pelvis Sinked in chest Rib flare and potbelly ```
48
2 treatments for pectus excavatum
NUss and Ravitch procedure
49
Precautions of pectus excavatum
``` No sidelying No bending No lifting No twisting No pushing/pulling >8-10lbs ```
50
A rare disease that affects arteries | in the lungs and the right side of theheart
Pulmonary hypertension
51
5 group classification of pulmonary hypertension
``` Pulmonary arterial HTN Left sided HF Lung disease Chronic blood clots Other ```
52
What is PHT
Pulmonary hypertension
53
Progression of PHT | Part 1
Pulmonary arterioles and capillaries become narrowed, blocked or destroyed.
54
Progression of PHT part 2
Harder for blood to flow through lungs and increases pressure in the lungs arteries
55
Progression of PHT part 3
As the pressure builds, the heart's lower right chamber (right ventricle) works harder which eventually causing your heart muscle to weaken and fail
56
Signs and Sx of PHT
``` Poor posture SOB with min activity Dizzy Chest pain Fatigue ```
57
Continuous IV or subcutaneous medication | May eventually require lung or heart-lung transplantation
Managing PHT
58
What is BO or BOOP
Bronchiolotis obliterans
59
What is BO
An inflammatory obstruction of the bronchioles
60
A cause by chemical particles or respiratory infections, particularly after organ transplants, leading to extensive scarring that blocks theairways
BO
61
Signs and Sx of BO
Dry cough/wheezing SOB Fatigue
62
Tx to stabilize or slow down BOOP
Antibiotics, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive drugs Airway clearance and exercise Lung transplant
63
7 pediatric Dx associated with pulmonary problems
``` SCI SMA TBI CP Muscular dystrophy Downs yndrome Prune belly ```
64
4 steps of airway clearance
1- get air behind mucus 2- loosen/mobilize secretions from small airways 3- move secretions into large airways 4- evacuate secretions from centra airways
65
HRmax for aerobic exercise
70-80%
66
Frequency of aerobic exercise
3x/week, 30-60 min
67
Maintain Sp02 of more than what for aerobic exercise?
More than 90%
68
Frequency for strength training
2-3x/week
69
Reps and sets for strength
1-3 sets of 6-15 reps
70
What’s the 1RM for strength
50-80%
71
Frequency for stretching
2-3x/week
72
Reps and hold for stretching
15-30 second hold | 3-5 reps
73
Which points of the pelvic floor are the weakest?
Think of soda can, top and bottom are weakest b/c when you open either end, pressure will release
74
occurs when the pelvic floor does not contract or does notcontract effectively when the individual sneezes, coughs, laughs, jumps, etc.
Urinary incontinence
75
Exercise for pelvic floor
Kegel exercises
76
Thoracic extension =
Inhalation
77
Thoracic flexion =
Exhalation
78
Should flex/aBD/ER =
Upper accessory muscles
79
Should ext/ADD/IR =
Diaphragm and lower chest muscles
80
Inhalation is what type of contraction
Concentric
81
Exhalation concentric is
Diaphragm produces FORCEFUL exhalation
82
Eccentric exhalation is
Diaphragm CONTROLS exhalation during speech
83
What is HFCWO
Vest therapy
84
Prevents airway wall collapse to improve efficiency of airway clearance
PEP
85
What’s better according to research and why: PEP vs HFCWO
PEP b/c lower # of exacerbation requiring antibiotics
86
Typical program for OPEP (oscillating)
Typical program: (10 reps inhaling and exhaling through device +coughing techniques) x repeat = 10-15 minute duration
87
Switches quickly between higher and lower resistance creating pressure as well as provides oscillations
Aerobika
88
Provides rapid bursts of air and saline mist into thelung through a mouthpiece or mask
IPV = intrapulmonary percussive ventilation
89
Tidal volume is ? | Total vital capacity is ?
Tidal volume = regular breathing | Total vital capacity = deep breathing

CardioPulm 2 (5 decks)

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