10] Nutrition Flashcards by Keren Poulose

Nutrient deficiency diseases (2)

Scurvy

Pellagra

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3 chronic diseases strongly associated with poor nutrition

Heart disease
Stroke
Diabetes

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2 diseases in which nutrition plays a role

Osteoporosis

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Primary link b/w poor nutrition and mortality

Obesity

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What are nutrients

The chemicals in foods that are critical for human growth and function

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6 essential nutrients found in foods

Carbs
Fats/oils
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

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What does DRI stand for

Dietary reference intake

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DRIs identify (3)

How much nutrients are needed to prevent deficiency.
Amount of nutrients that may reduce risk of chronic disease.
Upper level of safety for nutrient intake.

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What 4 values fo DRIs consist of?

EAR
RDA
AI
UL

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What does EAR stand for

Estimated average requirement

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RDA stands for what

Recommended dietary allowance

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what does AI stand for

Adequate intake

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What does UL stand for

Tolerable upper intake level

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What is EAR

Average daily intake level that meets the needs of half of healthy people in a certain life stage and gender

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Used to determine the Recommended DietaryAllowance (RDA) of a nutrient

EAR

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What is the RDA

The average daily intake level required to meet the

needs of 97–98% of healthy people in a particular lifestage and gender group

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Macronutrients that provide energy

Carbs
Fat
Proteins

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Micronutrients that dont provide calories/direct energy

Vitamins
Minerals
Water

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What is the AI

Recommended average daily intake level for a nutrient

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Based on observations and estimates from experiments

* Used when the RDA is not yet established: vitamin D, vitamin K, fluoride

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What does vitamin B do?

Facilitate the release of energy by breaking down macros

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What is the EER

Average dietary energy intake to maintain energybalance

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Based on age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity

EER

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What does AMDR stand for

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

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What is the AMDR

The range of macronutrient intake that provides adequate levels of essential nutrients

The range of energy intake from carbohydrate, fat, and protein associated with reduced risk of chronic disease

AMDR

AMDR for carbs

45-65%

AMDR for fats

20-35%

AMDR for proteins

10-35%

Avoid what before PT?

Avoid high fat and high fiber foods before PT

WHy Avoid high fat and high fiber foods before PT?

May lead to gas, bloating, abdominal pain duringactivity

High fiber diet: how much and what does it do

25-35 g per day to decrease constipation (pain meds)

3 Principle goals of nutrition therapy

* Preserve lean (muscle) tissue * Maintain immune defenses * Promote healing

Estimating energy needs for acute stress | • One method:

multiply the resting metabolic rate (RMR) by a stress factor

Quick method for estimating energy needs for acute stress

multiply a person’s body weight by a factor appropriate for the medical condition • 25-35 kcal/kg BW

Protein requirements in acute stress | • Non-obese critically ill patients:

1.2 to 2.0 grams per kilogram

Protein requirements in acute stress for obese patients given hypocaloric feedings

2 - 2.5 grams/kg ideal body weight per day

Fluid requirements

1 mL/kcal or 35 kcal/kg

Nutritional status and pulmonary function are

Interdependent

What kind of protein and when do you have it with PT?

Lean sources before and after PT

Fiber from bread

100% WHOLE WHEAT

Acute stress examples

Organ failure, infections, wounds, post op, etc

Fat may supply up to 50% of calories for patients with?

Severe hyperglycemia

Breaking down macronutrients requires (2)

Oxygen and end product of metabolism is CO2

Malnutrition can evolve from

Pulmonary disorders

Protein-energy malnutrition

When someone isnt getting enough proteins, calories, vitamins, minerals, etc

What’s affected in the patient that has protein-energy malnutrition (3)

Strength and endurance of respiratory muscles Reduction in lung parenchyma Pulmonary infection

Effects of protein-energy malnutrition (4)

Early satiety Anorexia Cough Dyspnea during eating

Healthy BMI

18.5 - 24.9

Anthropometric measurements

``` Height Weight BMI UBW IBW % body fat ```

COPD medication use that affects nutrition

Corticosteroids Diuretics Bronchodilators

Main goals with nutrition for COPD (3)

Correct malnutrition Promote maintenance of healthy body weight Prevent muscle wasting

Enteral formulas for COPD

Higher k-calories from fat; | Lower from carbs

Energy and nutrient needs for COPD

125-156% energy above BEE, 25-30 kcal/kg BW | 1.2 - 1.7 g/kg protein

Overfeeding concern with ventilation

Glucose more than 5 mg/kg/min increases CO2 production b/c then it gets harder for them to breathe

Food/nutrient delivery for COPD- 3 things

Small, frequent meals Rest before meals Nutritional supplements (Ensure)

What does DASH diet stand for

Dietary approaches to stop HTN

What’s different about the DASH diet

Higher fiber, K, Mg and Ca. | Limits red meat, sweets, saturated fat, etc.

Normal sodium intake

No more than 2400 mg /day

SBP reduction when you reduce weight

5-20 mm Hg/10 kg

SBP reduction if you do DASH

8-14 mm Hg

SBP reduction when you reduce sodium intake

2-8 mm Hg

Reduction in SBP with physical activity

4-9 mm Hg

Reduction in SBP when you moderate alcohol

2-4 mm Hg

Sodium in processed cheese

490 mg per OUNCE

Calcium in processed cheese

100 mg per OUNCE

Sodium in natural cheese

240 mg per OUNCE

Calcium in natural cheese

200 mg per OUNCE

Limit saturated fats and cholesterol to less than how much to reduce risk fo CHD?

Less than 7% of total kcal and cholesterol to less than 200 mg/day

For coronary heart disease, total fat should be how much %?

25-35% of kcal

Polyunsaturated fats for CHD

10% of total kcal

Monounsaturated fats for CHD

Consume up to 20% of kcal

Trans fat for CHD

Keep intake as LOW as possible

Daily cholesterol intake for CHD

Less than 200 mg/day

Main features of TLC plan (9)

``` Saturated fats Poly, mono fats Total fat Trans fat Cholesterol Plant sterols and Stanols K and Na Fish and omega 3 fatty acids Alcohol ```

What does TLC stand for

Therapeutic lifestyle changes

Right sided heart failure

* Abdominal bloating and enlarged liver | * Pain/discomfort worsen with meals

Left sided heart failure

Limb weakness and fatigue

Syndrome of malnutrition

Cardia cachexia

Sodium for heart failure

Less than 2000 mg

Protein for heart failure

1. 13 g/kg - nourished | 1. 37 g/kg - malnourished

Fluid restriction for heart failure

2 liters/day

10] Nutrition Flashcards

(82 cards)