1 directional and positional terms

Question 1

Ventral

Answer 1

-Refers to the belly or underside of a body or body
part
* Head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, tail

Question 2

Dorsal

Answer 2

-Refers to the back
* Head, neck, thorax, abdomen, tail

Question 3

Cranial

Answer 3

-Means towards the head; pertaining to the head
* Position on the body is towards the head

Question 4

Caudal

Answer 4

• Means towards the tail; pertaining to the tail
• Position on the body is closer to the tail

Question 5

Anterior

Answer 5

Towards the front of the body (regarding
the limbs

Question 6

Posterior

Answer 6

Towards the rear of the body (regarding the
limbs

Question 7

Rostral

Answer 7

Pertaining to the nose end of the head

Question 8

Midline (median, midsagittal)

Answer 8

Imaginary line that divides the body into
equal right and left halves

Question 9

Medial

Answer 9

Pertaining to the middle; towards the midline

Question 10

Lateral

Answer 10

Pertaining to the side; away from the midline

Question 11

Superior

Answer 11

• Uppermost: above
• Upper portion of the jaw (maxilla)

Question 12

Inferior

Answer 12

• Lowermost: below
• Lower portion of the jaw (mandible)

Question 13

Adjacent

Answer 13

Next to; close to or adjoining

Question 14

Proximal

Answer 14

• Closer to the midline of the body
• Nearer to the center of the body relative to another point

Question 15

Distal

Answer 15

Away for the midline of the body

Question 16

Oblique傾斜

Answer 16

At an angle

Question 17

Superficial/External

Answer 17

near the surface

Question 18

Deep/Internal

Answer 18

away from the surface

Question 19

Peripheral

Answer 19

Outer most part, or the surface of an organ or body part

Question 20

Palmar 掌中

Answer 20

bottom of the front foot or
hoof (underside)

Question 21

Plantar

Answer 21

bottom of the rear foot or hoof

Question 22

Prone

Answer 22

Position of the animal lying on their abdomen, face down, legs extended

Question 23

Supine

Answer 23

Position of the animal lying on their back, legs extended

Question 24

Recumbent

Answer 24

Lying dow

Question 25

Transverse Plane

Answer 25

Perpendicular to the median plane and divides the body into cranial and caudal parts

Question 26

Median/Midsagittal Plane

Answer 26

Divides the body into EQUAL right and left halves

Question 27

Sagittal Plane

Answer 27

Parallel to the median plane and divides the body into UNEQUAL right and left body parts 打直側面

Question 28

Frontal/Dorsal Plane

Answer 28

Divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts

Question 29

Longitudinal plane

Answer 29

General term referring to a section cut the length of the body or organ

Question 30

Abduction

Answer 30

外展 To move away from the midline

Question 31

Adduction

Answer 31

內轉 To move toward the midline

Question 32

Flexion

Answer 32

To bend a joint or reduce the angle between two bones

Question 33

Hyperflexion

Answer 33

Flex too far

Question 34

Extension

Answer 34

To straighten a joint or increase the angle between two bones

Question 35

Hyperextension

Answer 35

Extend too far

Question 36

Supination

Answer 36

Rotating the limb or body part so that the ventral surface is turned upwards eg手掌轉上

Question 37

Pronation

Answer 37

Rotating the limb or body part so that the ventral surface is turned downwards （手掌朝下）

Question 38

Rotation

Answer 38

Circular movement around an axis