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LSCI 202 > 1. DNA Organization > Flashcards

1. DNA Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleolus

A

A region of high concentrations of DNA and ribosomal RNA

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2
Q

Homologous Chromosome

A

The maternal and paternal chromosomes of a pair

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3
Q

RNA genes

A

segments of DNA that generate a functionally significant RNA molecule

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4
Q

centromere

A

specialized DNA sequence that allows one copy of each duplicated and condensed chromosome to be pulled into each daughter cell when a cell divides.

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5
Q

telomeres

A
  • the ends of a chromosome that contain repeated nucleotide sequences that enable the ends of chromosomes to be efficiently replicated
  • form structures that protect the end of the chromosome from being mistaken by the cell for a broken DNA molecule in need of repair
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6
Q

nucleosome

A

Protein + DNA
Two of each core histones - total 8
Includes linker DNA & Non-histone proteins

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7
Q

Types of core histones

A

H2A
H2B
H3
H4

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8
Q

nucleolus

A

region with high concentration of euchromatin and RNA

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9
Q

Centromere replication

A

Not completed until anaphase where the replication of centromere separates the two chromatids

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10
Q

Linker DNA

A

The DNA that links two “beads” together

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11
Q

Preferred bases of Minor Groove Inside Nucleosome

A

A, T

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12
Q

Preferred bases of Minor Groove Outside Nucleosome

A

G, C

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13
Q

Which end of the histone sticks out of complex

A

N-terminus

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14
Q

Which end of the histone protein is modified

A

N-Terminus

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15
Q

Role of histone remodeling complex

A
  1. Nucleosome Sliding

2. Histone Exchange

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16
Q

Histone H1

A

Linker Histone

  • 1:1 ratio with nucleosome
  • ties up the two linker DNA
17
Q

Heterochromatin

A

Highly condensed form of DNA

18
Q

Euchromatin

A

Less Condensed form of DNA

19
Q

Heterochromatin self-propagation

A

Heterochromatin self-propagates to euchromatin regions

20
Q

Three types of histone modification by chemical addition

A
  • Methylation
  • Acetylation
  • Phosphorylation
  • Methylation can be attached three times
21
Q

Position effect variegation

A

Position of the gene affects the probability of a gene being expressed

22
Q

variegation

A

다양화; 점박이

23
Q

Heterochromatin propagation process

A
  • regulatory protein bind to DNA
  • Writer protein binds to regulatory protein and “writes” on histone
  • Reader protein reads the modification
  • Writer protein attaches to reader protein
  • Repaeats
24
Q

Barrier protein

A
  • Block reading protein

- Remove marking

25
Q

Bands and interbands in chromosome

A

Bands- black - Euchromatin

Interbands - White - Heteroxhromatin

LSCI 202 (7 decks)

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