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LSCI 202 > 3. Transcription > Flashcards

3. Transcription Flashcards

1
Q

RNA Synthesis Direction

A

3’ to 5’ of template

5’ to 3’ of new strand

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2
Q

Ion active in RNA Polymerase

A

Mg 2+

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3
Q

mRNA

A

Messenger RNA

- Template for Translation

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4
Q

tRNA

A

Transfer RNA

- Transfers amino acids to the right place

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5
Q

rRNA

A

Ribosomal RNA

- Structural components of ribosomes

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6
Q

snRNA

A

small nuclear RNAs

- Variety of nuclear activity including splicing

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7
Q

snoRNA

A

small nucleolar RNA

- Helps with modifying rRNA

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8
Q

miRNA

A

micro RNA

- Stop the translation of specific RNAs

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9
Q

siRNA

A

small interfering RNA

- Mark RNA for degradation

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10
Q

RNA Polymerase I

A

rRNA Production

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11
Q

RNA Polymerase II

A

mRNA Production

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12
Q

RNA Polymerase III

A

tRNA Production

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13
Q

Process of Polymerase Activity in Bacteria

A
  1. RNA Polymerase holoenzyme is formed
  2. Sigma factor attracts DNA and binds at promoter
  3. DNA is bent and a closed complex is formed
  4. DNA is opened and an open complex is formed
  5. Scrunching starts
  6. RNA Polymerase proceeds down the stream until termination signal met
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14
Q

RNA Polymerase holoenzyme

A

RNA polymerase + sigma factor

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15
Q

Stabilization in open form

A

Sense(non-template) binds to the RNA polymerase

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16
Q

Scrunching

A

Bringing about 10 bp into the enzyme to synthesize RNA

Fails several times until elongation begins

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17
Q

Termination

A

Hairpin formation

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18
Q

Two specific promoter sequence in Prokaryotes

A
  • 10 nucleotides: TATAAT(TATA Box)

- 35 nucleotides: TTGACA

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19
Q

TBP

  • Function
  • Position
A

Tata box Binding Protein

  • Recognizes the TATAAT sequence
  • In the TFIID Subunit
  • Bends the helix to create separation
20
Q

TFIID

A

Binds to TBP

Enables the binding of TFIIB

21
Q

TFIIB

A

The end of TFIIB recognizes TTGACA

Accurately locates RNA polymerase

22
Q

TFIIF

A

Stabilizes RNA polymerase interaction with TBP and TFIIB

Attracts TFIIE and TFIIH

23
Q

TFIIE

A

Attracts and regulates TFIIH

24
Q

TFIIH

A

Unwinds DNA at transcription start point
Phosphorylates the Ser5 at the CTD
Releases polymerase from promoter

25
CTD
C-Terminal Domain | The "tail" of the polymerase that gets phosphorylated
26
BRE
B Recognition Element Eukaryote -35 TFIIB
27
TATA
Eukaryote -30 | Prokaryote -10
28
INR
Initiator Element Eukryote Start point TFIID
29
DPE
Downstream promoter element Eukaryote +30 TFIID
30
Coiling of DNA in Transcription
Negative supercoiling is left behind (upstream) which makes it easier for new polymerase activity to begin
31
Caps on RNA
5' Methyl G cap | 3' Poly A tail
32
Proteins on the CTD
Capping Proteins Splicing Proteins Polyadenylation Proteins
33
Start of an intron
Usually GU
34
End of an intron
Almost always AG
35
snRNP
small nuclear Ribonuclear Proteins
36
Splicing Process
1. U1 binds to 5'(upstream) splice junction / BBP & U2AF recognize the branch-point 2. U2 snRNP replaces BBP and U2AF 3. U4/U6 & U5 enters. U4/U6 complex is separated and U6 replaces U1. This creates an active site for first phosphoyl-transferase reaction U1 and U4 leaves. 4. The RNA-RNA rearrangement produces site for the second phosphoryl-transferase activity and a lariat is released 5. EJC is added
37
BBP
Branch-point Binding Protein
38
EJC
Exon Junction Complex
39
Cryptic Splicing Signals
Hidden factors within an exon that causes the splicing within an exon
40
Poly A tail signaling
20~30 Nucleotides before the actual cut
41
CstF
Cleavage stimulation Factor
42
CPSF
Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor
43
Termination of Transcription
1. Polyadenylation signal is recognized by CstF and CPSF 2. PAP is attracted by these proteins and RNA is cleaved by other proteins. 3. Poly-A-tail is synthesized 4. Poly-A-binding proteins bind
44
Termination of Transcription
1. Polyadenylation signal is recognized by CstF and CPSF 2. PAP is attracted by these proteins and RNA is cleaved by other proteins. 3. Poly-A-tail is synthesized 4. Poly-A-binding proteins bind
45
PABP
Poly-A-tail Binding Protein
46
PAP
Poly-A Polymerase

LSCI 202 (7 decks)

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