1. Foundations of Chemistry

Question 1

What is the smallest unit of an element?

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

True or False: Atoms can be created or destroyed in chemical reactions.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What are the three main subatomic particles?

Answer 3

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The nucleus of an atom contains ______ and ______.

Answer 4

protons; neutrons

Question 5

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 5

Negative

Question 6

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 6

Positive

Question 7

True or False: Neutrons have no charge.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the atomic number of an element?

Answer 8

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 9

How do you determine the mass number of an atom?

Answer 9

By adding the number of protons and neutrons

Question 10

What is an isotope?

Answer 10

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 11

True or False: Electrons are located in fixed paths around the nucleus.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first shell?

Answer 12

2 electrons

Question 13

What is the role of neutrons in the nucleus?

Answer 13

To stabilize the nucleus

Question 14

What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?

Answer 14

An atom is a single unit, while a molecule is made up of two or more atoms bonded together.

Question 15

What is a cation?😸

Answer 15

A positively charged ion

Question 16

What is an anion? 🧅

Answer 16

A negatively charged ion

Question 17

True or False: The number of protons in an atom can change without altering the element.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What does the term ‘valence electrons’ refer to?

Answer 18

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

Question 19

Fill in the blank: Elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar ______.

Answer 19

chemical properties

Question 20

What is the role of electrons in chemical bonding?

Answer 20

Electrons are transferred or shared between atoms.

Question 21

What does the term ‘electron configuration’ refer to?

Answer 21

The distribution of electrons in an atom’s electron shells.

Question 22

What are the relative masses of all the subatomic particles

Answer 22

Neutron: 1 Proton: 1 Electron: 1/1836

Question 23

Which number do you used to identify the total number of electrons in an atom?

Answer 23

Atomic number (the one on top)

Question 24

What is an isotope?

Answer 24

Atoms of the same element with the same amount of of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 25

True or False: Isotopes of an element have different chemical properties.

Answer 25

False: Isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The relative atomic mass is a weighted average of the masses of an element's ______.

Answer 26

isotopes

Question 27

How do you calculate relative atomic mass (Ar)?

Answer 27

The average mass of all the isotopes of an element taking into account the abundance of each isotope.

Question 28

True or False: All isotopes of an element are stable.

Answer 28

False: Some isotopes are unstable and radioactive.

Question 29

Short Answer: Name one application of isotopes in medicine.

Answer 29

One application of isotopes in medicine is in cancer treatment using radioactive isotopes.

Question 30

What is the primary difference between isotopes of the same element?

Answer 30

The primary difference is the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 31

If an ion loses electrons what charge does it end up with?

Answer 31

Positive

Question 32

If an ion gains electrons what charge does it end up with

Answer 32

Negative

Question 33

What is the formula for Hydroxide?

Answer 33

OH-

Question 34

What is the formula for sulfate?

Answer 34

SO_4^2-

Question 35

What is the formula for nitrate

Answer 35

NO_3^-

Question 36

What is the formula for carbonate?

Answer 36

CO_3^2-

Question 37

What is the formula for ammonium?

Answer 37

NH_4^+