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AHNNA > 1. General Organisation Of The Head And Neck > Flashcards

1. General Organisation Of The Head And Neck Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the skull also called?

A

Cranium

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2
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the skull?

A

Neurocranium and viscerocranium

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3
Q

What are the groups of muscles in the head?

A

Muscles of facial expression

Muscles of mastication (chewing)

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4
Q

What are the 2 key nerves in the head?

A

Facial nerve

Trigeminal nerve

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5
Q

What are the 2 key blood vessels that supply the face?

A

Facial artery and vein

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6
Q

What are some characteristics of muscles of facial expression?

A

Dilators or sphincters

Attach to bone, the skin/fascia of the face, and other muscles

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7
Q

What are some characteristics of muscles of mastication/

A

Open or close the jaw

Act on the temporomandibular joint

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8
Q

What is the facial nerve also called?

A

Cranial nerve VII

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9
Q

How many extra-cranial branches does the facial nerve have?

A

5

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10
Q

What are the 5 key extra-cranial branches of the facial nerve?

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccaneers
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
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11
Q

What is the trigeminal nerve also known as?

A

Cranial nerve V

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12
Q

What is the main role of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Main sensory nerve of face and scalp

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13
Q

What are the 3 key branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Va ophthalmic division
Vb maxillary division
Vc mandibular division

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14
Q

What information do the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions carry?

A

Sensory

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15
Q

What information does the mandibular division carry?

A

Sensory and motor

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16
Q

What does the facial artery branch off from?

A

External carotid artery

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17
Q

What are the main blood vessels that supply and drain the facial structures?

A

Facial artery and vein

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18
Q

At what cervical vertebral level does the common carotid artery bifurcate into its two terminal branches, internal and external carotid arteries?

A

C4

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19
Q

Which nerve carries general sensory information from the cheek area?/

A

Maxillary nerve

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20
Q

Which artery, a branch from the common carotid artery, gives no branches while running in the neck?

A

Internal carotid artery

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21
Q

Which division of the trigeminal nerve carries general sensory innervation from the tip of the nose?

A

Ophthalmic

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22
Q

Which extracranial branch of the facial nerve runs towards the forehead?

A

Temporal

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23
Q

Which extra cranial branch of the facial nerve runs through the face at the level of the fleshy part of the cheek?

24
Q

The union of which two veins forms the brachiocephalic vein on both the left and right side of the body?

Study These Flashcards
A

Subclavian and internal jugular vein

25
What are the palpable structures in the neck?
Hyoid bone Thyroid cartilage (Adams apple) Cricoid cartilage Thyroid gland
26
What are the muscles of the neck?
``` Platysma Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid Scalene muscles Supra and infra hyoid ```
27
Which is the most superficial neck muscle?
Platysma
28
What is the role of platysma?
When contracted, furrow the skin and make the skin taut | Can pull down lower part of mouth and cause grimace
29
What is the role of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Rotates chin to opposite direction
30
What is the nerve to the platysma?
Facial nerve - cervical branch
31
What is the nerve to the sternocleidomastoid?
Cranial nerve - accessory nerve
32
What is the nerve to the trapezius muscle?
Cranial nerve - accessory nerve
33
What makes up the anterior triangle in the neck?
Anterior border of SCM Midsagittal line of neck Inferior border of mandible
34
What makes up the posterior triangle in the neck?
Anterior - posterior border of SCM Posterior - anterior border of trapezius Inferior - clavicle
35
What form the floor of the posterior triangle?
Scalene muscles
36
What structure runs obliquely across the posterior triangle?
Omohyoid muscle (infrahyoid)
37
What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
Superior - digastric (posterior belly) Anterior- omohyoid (superior belly) Lateral - anterior border of SCM
38
What is found in the carotid triangle?
Bifurcation of the carotid artery to internal and external branches Can also palpate their pulse
39
What are the roles of fascial layers?
Form natural planes Ease of movement between structures e.g. when swallowing Can restrict but also permit spread of infection
40
Where does the carotid artery bifurcate?
C4
41
At what level does the oesophagus start?
C6
42
In a patient with a retropharangeal abscess, why is swallowing and movement of the neck typically difficult and painful?
Abscess may press onto oesophagus and make swallowing difficult, causes drooling Space becomes narrower and layers of fascia unable to slide so causes pain in movement
43
What are the symptoms of Bell’s palsy?
``` Weakness on one side of your face Drooping eyelid or mouth Drooling Dry eye Usually unable to raise eyebrows ```
44
Which nerve is affected in Bell’s palsy?
Facial nerve (CN VII)
45
Which muscles are affected in Bell’s palsy?
``` Orbicularis oculi Frontalis Orbicularis oris Buccinator Platysma ```
46
What is the function of the platysma?
Depresses angles of mouth, also used to tense skin of neck
47
What are the functions of both parts of the orbicularis oculi?
Orbital - voluntary closure of eyelids (forced squeezing) | Palpebral - closes eyelids gently
48
What are the functions of both parts of the occipitofrontalis?
Frontalis - elevate eyebrows and wrinkle forehead | Occipital - retracts scalp
49
What is the function of the orbicularis oris?
Closes mouth, compresses and protrudes lips
50
What is the function of the buccinator?
Compresses cheek against molar teeth
51
What is the function of the dilator muscles of the lips?
Elevate the upper lip and draw it laterally
52
What are the functions of the pterygoids?
Lateral - bilateral actions assists in depressing mandible (opens jaw), also protrudes mandible Medial - bilateral contraction assists with elevation of mandible (closes jaw), can protrude mandible
53
What is the function of the masseter?
Elevates and protrudes mandible
54
What is the function of the temporalis?
Elevates and retracts mandible
55
What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid?
Neck ipsilateral flexion, neck contralateral rotation
56
What is the function of the trapezius?
Draws scapula superomedially, extension of head and neck, arterial flexion of head and neck, rotation of head, draws scapula medially and inferomedially
57
What is the function of the levator palpebrae superioris?
Elevates superior eyelid

AHNNA (18 decks)

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