3. Introduction To Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What forms the forebrain?
Cerebrum and diencephalon
What does the diancephalon consist of?
Thalamus (2)
Hypothalamus
What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
What is grey matter full of?
Cell bodies
What is the cortex?
Surface of each hemisphere, formed by grey matter
What is the corpus callosum?
Packed full of neurone axons
Allowing communication between hemispheres
What covers the surface of the ventricle?
Septum pellucidum
What is the function of the midbrain?
Cranial nerve nuclei,
- important for purposes of coordinating eye movement and control of eye movement
- responsible for coordinating all reflexes of our pupils in response to light
Function of pons
Feeding
Controlling sleep
Function of medulla
Cardiovascular respiratory centres
What are the 4 pairs of lobes in the brain?
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Voluntary motor control Speech production Social behaviour Impulse control Higher cognition
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Somatosensory perception
Spatial awareness
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
Language Emotion Long-term memory Sense of smell Heading Taste
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Visual perception
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Coordination and motor learning
Where is the primary motor cortex found?
Gyrus just before the central sulcus
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex found?
Gyrus just after the central sulcus
How is the primary motor cortex connected to the spinal nerves controlling the limbs?
Travels down through brain on same side as motor cortex into the brainstem
Decussate (cross) to opposite side at level of the lower medulla
Cortical control of limb movement is from one primary motor cortex, which is contralateral
Describe the pathway connecting primary motor cortex with cranial nerds controlling the muscles of the face/neck
Decussate (Cross) to opposite side at level of the nuclei onto which they communicate
Cortical control of muscles is from one primary motor cortex, which is contralateral
But, most cranial nerves also have cortical input from ipsilateral cortex
