1 - Growth Adaptations, Cellular Injury And Death

Question 1

Permanent tissues that undergo HYPERtrophy only

Answer 1

Cardiac muscles
Skeletal muscles
Nerve

Question 2

Hyperplasia can progress to dysplasia and eventually cancer except?

Answer 2

BPH

Question 3

Decrease in cell size occurs via

Answer 3

Ubiquitin proteasome degradation

Autophagy

Question 4

Under persistent stress, metaplasia can progress too dysplasia and eventually cancer except

Answer 4

Apocrine metaplasia of the breast

Question 5

15:17 translocation - definition and treatment

Answer 5

Promyelocytic leukemia (AML)
ATRA (all trans retinoic acid - vitamin A)

Question 6

Mesenchymal tissue can undergo metaplasia. Classic example?

Answer 6

Myositis ossificans

Question 7

Thrombosis of hepatic vein

Answer 7

Budd chiari syndrome

Question 8

Cause of budd chiari?

Answer 8

Polycythemia vera

Patient with increased lupus anticoagulant

Question 9

Cherry red appearance of skin is seen in patients with?

Answer 9

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 10

Early sign of carbon monoxide exposure

Answer 10

Headache

Question 11

Cyanosis with chocolate colored blood

Answer 11

Methemoglobinemia

Question 12

Methemoglobinemia treatment?

Answer 12

Methylene blue

Question 13

Hallmark of reversible injury in cells

Answer 13

Swelling

Question 14

Hallmark of irreversible injury in cells

Answer 14

Membrane damage

Question 15

Morphologic hallmark of cell death

Answer 15

Loss of nucleus

Question 16

Blood reenters a loosely organized tissue

Answer 16

Red infarction

Question 17

Calcification in the setting of normal serum calcium - calcium deposits in dead tissues

Answer 17

Saponification

Question 18

High serum calcium that leads to calcium deposition in normal tissues

Answer 18

Metastatic calcification

Question 19

30 y/o woman with pre-ecclampsia (HPN and proteinuria)

Answer 19

Fibrinoid necrosis of placenta

Question 20

Intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of caspase activation

Answer 20

BCL2

Question 21

Extrinsic pathway of caspase activation

Answer 21

FAS ligand and TNF receptor

Question 22

Cytotoxic CD8 T cell mediated pathway of caspase activation

Answer 22

Perforins and Granzymes

Question 23

Most damaging free radical

Answer 23

OH

Question 24

Fe2+ generates hydroxyl free radicals via what reaction

Answer 24

Fenton reaction

Question 25

CCl4 converted to CCl3 via P450 system of hepatocytes resulting to cell injury resulting to?

Answer 25

Swelling of RER - impaired protein synthesis = fatty liver

Question 26

Primary amyloidosis is systemic deposition of?

Answer 26

AL amyloid from Ig light chain

Question 27

Familial Mediterranean Fever is due to dysfunction of what cell?

Answer 27

Neutrophils

Question 28

Non-mutated serum transthyretin deposits in the heart

Answer 28

Senile cardiac amyloidosis

Question 29

Mutated serum transthyretin deposits in heart leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 29

Familial amyloid cardiomyopathy

Question 30

Amylin deposits in islets of the pancreas

Answer 30

T2DM

Question 31

Gene for beta amyloid precursor protein seen in what chromosome?

Answer 31

Chromosome 21 - early onset in patients with down syndrome

Question 32

Dialysis associated amyloidosis

Answer 32

Beta 2 microglobulin deposits in joints

Question 33

Tumor cells in amyloid background

Answer 33

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (C-cells - calcitonin)