1) Heath, Disease and the Development of Medicine Flashcards
(27 cards)
how does the World Health Organisation define heath?
-state of complete physical, social and mental well-being
what is a communicable disease?
- causes by pathogens
- passed from an infected person to another
what is a non communicable disease?
-not passed from person to person
why can the presence of one disease lead to a high chance of other diseases?
- damages immune system
- damages barriers to stop pathogens
- stop organ systems working correctly
what is a pathogen? and what are some examples.
- microorganisms that cause disease.
- viruses, bacteria, fungi and protists
what type of pathogen is cholera? what are the symptoms?
- bacteria
- diarrhoea
what type of pathogen is tuberculosis? what are the symptoms?
- bacteria
- bloody mucus when coughing, weight loss, fever
what type of pathogen is Chalara ash dieback?
-fungus
what type of pathogen is malaria? what are the symptoms?
- protist
- fever, weakness, sickness
what type of pathogen is HIV? what are the symptoms?
- virus
- AIDS, destroy while blood cells
what type of pathogen is ulcers? what are the symptoms?
- bacteria
- bacteria attacks stomach lining
what type of pathogen is ebola? what are the symptoms?
- virus
- sickness, death
how are pathogens spread?
- air
- water
- in food
- flies that land on food
how can ebola be reduced/prevented?
- wear full body suits
- high hygiene practices
how are sexually transmitted diseases spread?
- sex/sexual fluids
- pregnancy to unborn baby
- sharing needles
how can HIV and Chlamydia be prevented/reduced?
-condoms
how do physical barriers provide protection from pathogens?
- skin protects
- get in through: wounds/
- animals piercing in skin
how do chemical defences provide protection from pathogens?
- lysozyme in skin, mucus, saliva, tears
- rects/kills pathogens
what is the role of the immune systems? what does it do?
- uses antigens to identify cells from inside/outside body
- lymphocytes with antibodies attach and replicate to attack the pathogen
what is the bodies repose to immunisation?
- using vaccine
- contains inactive pathogens
- injection or tablet
why can antibodies only be used to treat bacterial infections?
- stops it growing
- no effect on human cells
what is the process of making new medicines?
- DISCOVERY of infection
- DEVELOPMENT-side effects, if it can get into the cells
- PRECLINICAL -tested on animals
- CLINICAL TESTING -dose checked, test on patients
what can a lot of non-commuincable diseases be from? and what kind of diseases?
lack of: protein- kwashiorkor vitamin C- scurvy vitamin D/calcium- rickets iron-anaemia
what are the effects of alcohol diseases (local, national and globally)?
- liver disease
- 5th largest case of death in UK
- increases by 450% in UK over 30yrs
- top 5 countries, Australia, Uk, Russia, Brazil, USA
