1) Natural Selection and Genetic Modification

Question 1

what is Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by natural selection?

Answer 1

• he discovered that we evolve and change is these are the reasons why:
• genetic variation
• environmental change
• natural selection
• inheritance
• evolution

Question 2

what is Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

Answer 2

• variations of individuals help them to cope with changes
• so more likely to survive
• ‘survival of the fittest’

Question 3

how do antibiotics becoming resistant to bacteria support Darwin’s Theory?

Answer 3

• some bacteria is more resistant then others
• people take antibacterial to kill it
• but feel better so stop
• resistant bacteria is left
• they reproduce and spread
• so bacteria becomes resistant

Question 4

what is some evidence of human evolution?

Answer 4

• fossils

- Ardi, Lucy

Question 5

what is evolution?

Answer 5

-gradual change in characteristics over time

Question 6

what is Ardi? recall some facts.

Answer 6

• 4.4 million old fossil
• 1.2m tall
• 50kg
• long arms
• toes that allowed her to clim trees
• walk upright

Question 7

what is Lucy? recall some facts.

Answer 7

• 3.2 million old fossil
• 1.07m tall
• walk upright
• curved human toes

Question 8

what did Leakey do?

Answer 8

• found recent like humans
• related to modern humans (Homo sapiens)
• 2.4-1.4 million years old
• walked up right

Question 9

how is the development of stone tools over time evidence of human evolution? what were they used for?

Answer 9

• earliest was 3.3 million years ago
• find out by different layers of rock
• skinning animals, cutting up meat

Question 10

what are the 3 classification systems (domains)?

Answer 10

• bacteria
• archaea
• eukarya

Question 11

what are the 5 kingdoms in the Eukarya systems?

Answer 11

• animals
• plants
• fungi
• protistis
• prokaryotes

Question 12

why have the 3 domains and not just use the 5 kingdom systems?

Answer 12

-1970’s scientists discovered organisms within nuclei

Question 13

what is selective breeding?

Answer 13

• way of breeding to produce
  
  • new varieties
  • new breeds

Question 14

why are plants and animals selectively breed?

Answer 14

• disease resistant
• yield (how much useful product they make)
• coping with environmental changes
• fast growth
• flavour

Question 15

what is genetic engineering

Answer 15

• changing DNA of one organism by inserting genes from another
• creates genetically modified organisms

Question 16

what are the main stages of genetic breeding of bacteria?

Answer 16

• restriction enzymes cuts DNA molecules producing sticky ends
• a section of DNA containing insulin is cut in that way.
• to make the same sticky ends on the plasmids you must use restriction enzymes
• both sections of DNA mix and the sticky ends pair up
• the plasmids then get put back into the bacteria which then grow

Question 17

what is a vector?

Answer 17

-any DNA molecule used to carry new DNA into another cell

Question 18

what are the benefits of genetic engineering?

Answer 18

-less insecticide is needed/ weed killers

Question 19

what are the risks of genetic engineering?

Answer 19

• eating them would be bad for your health

- the seeds are expensive

Question 20

what are the risks of selective breeding?

Answer 20

• diseases can spread quickly
• poor animal welfare
• some alleles will no longer be available