1. hitler as dictator (1933 - 34)

Question 1

when did hitler become chancellor?

Answer 1

1933

Question 2

which factors led to hitler becoming chancellor?

Answer 2

-the great depression
-nazi tactics

Question 3

the great depression

Answer 3

-germany was forced to accept the blame for the war
-had to pay reparations (germans began to feel resentment, they saw it as humiliation)
-german economy began to recover with help from other countries
-1929 = market stock crash -> global depression, unemployment in germany

Question 4

nazi tactics

Answer 4

-SA used violent tactics to disrupt other political parties
-propaganda
-newspapers, radios, loudspeakers and posters

Question 5

hitler’s role

Answer 5

-charismatic
-appealed to the german people because he was a WW1 veteran and was seen as a savior for Germany
-great speaker, able draw in large crowds

-nazis made many promises such as to solve unemployment, destroy the treaty of versailles and communism
-nazis also promised “work and bread”

Question 6

july 1932 election

Answer 6

nazis now had 230 seats in the reichstag (majority for a single party)

Question 7

why was hitler appointed chancellor?

Answer 7

von papen assured hindenburg that he could keep hitler under control

Question 8

ernst rohm

Answer 8

leader of the SA who was arrested and executed during the night of the long knives

Question 9

himmler

Answer 9

leader of the SS

Question 10

hindenburg

Answer 10

president of germany from 1925-1934

Question 11

what and when was the
reichstag fire?

Answer 11

the reichstag was set on fire (27 feb 1933, 1 week before the election)

Question 12

who was blamed for the
reichstag fire?

Answer 12

marinus van der lubbe (dutch communist)

Question 13

how many communists were arrested after the reichstag fire?

Answer 13

4000

Question 14

how did the reichstag fire help
hitler?

Answer 14

he could get votes from those who were outraged by the ‘communist plot’

Question 15

who actually set the fire?

Answer 15

it could be the nazis so that they could change rules or the communists in opposition to the nazis

Question 16

how many votes did the nazis win after the reichstag fire, and why?

Answer 16

-288 seats, they didn’t get the overall majority so they formed a coalition with the nationalists to get majority
-the SA intimidated voters

Question 17

what and when was the
emergency decree?

Answer 17

-a decree for protection of the people and state
(28 feb 1933)

Question 18

what did the emegency decree include?

Answer 18

-police could arrest suspects & hold them without trial
-rights of personal freedom were restricted (opinion, assembling, telephonic communications)
-house searches, confiscations now permissible

Question 19

when was the enabling act passed?

Answer 19

24 march 1933

Question 20

what did the enabling act allow
hitler to do?

Answer 20

-it allowed hitler to make laws without consulting the reichstag (for 4 years)
-it made hitler a legal dictator
-he had no opposition

Question 21

what was book burning?

Answer 21

-the burning of non-german books or books that opposed the nazis

Question 22

what happened when trade unions were banned?

Answer 22

-may 1933
-all workers were under the DAF (german workers party), there were no strikes

Question 23

how was germany made a one party state?

Answer 23

-july 1933
-hitler banned all political parties and the reichstag was dissolved so no elections were held

Question 24

what was the people’s court?

Answer 24

-set up in 1934
-people who had commited crimes against the state were held on trial

Question 25

what happened on the night of the long knives and when was it?

Answer 25

-30 june 1934

-hitler was concerned that the SA could threaten his power
-the 4 million members were loyal to rohm
-rohm wanted merge the SA and army together under his leadership, the army did not support this
-to secure the army’s loyalty and reassert his own authority hitler organised the night of the long knives

-hitler used the SS to arrest and remove 400 SA members
-a lot of them were shot and killed
-rohm was imprisoned (using homosexuality as an excuse) and shot the next day
-

Question 26

what were the consequences of the NOTLK?

Answer 26

-the SA quickly decreased in numbers
-the SS had more prominence as they had proved their loyalty
-there was execution without trial of at least 85 people
-hitler insisted that he was the supreme leader of germans

Question 27

when did hindenburg die?

Answer 27

august 1934

Question 28

what happened to hitler when
hindenburg died?

Answer 28

he combined the role of chancellor and president

Question 29

when did the army swear an oath of loyalty to hitler?

Answer 29

2 august 1934