3. changing lives (1933-39)

Question 1

economy & society in 1933

Answer 1

-6 million unemployed
-no one would give germany a loan
-hitler was elected on a promise to give the german people ‘work & bread’

Question 2

hitler’s economic aims:

Answer 2

-drag germany out of the world recession & push autarky
-get rid of Jewish industrialist and give their businesses to aryans
-solve unemplovment
-transform the economy to focus on rearming

Question 3

autarky

Answer 3

self sufficiency

Question 4

how did hitler execute his new plan? (&results)

Answer 4

-limited imports
-made trade agreements with other countries
-production increased by 50% by 1935

Question 5

what was the RAD?

Answer 5

national labour service

Question 6

what did the RAD do?

Answer 6

-created jobs for men (18-25)
-eg: building schools and hospitals, planting forests and building
motorway (autobahn)

Question 7

why were the downsides of the
RAD ignored?

Answer 7

the downsides (only given pocket money as wages) were outweighed by free meals, living in camps and the pride of helping the nazis as they were better than life with no job

Question 8

what did men in the RAD wear?

Answer 8

military uniform

Question 9

what was unemployment in 1933 and 1939 (germany)?

Answer 9

1933: 6 million
1939: 300,000

Question 10

why was the fall of unemployment not as it seemed?

Answer 10

jews and women were forced out of their jobs and their jobs were given to the unemployed but their names went unrecorded on documents

Question 11

what did hitler replace trade unions with?

Answer 11

german labour front (DAF)

Question 12

what were changes to how jobs worked?

Answer 12

-bosses couldn’t sack workers on the spot
-workers were banned from leaving a job without government permission
-only job centres could arrange new jobs
-workers were abolished from bargaining for higher wages

Question 13

how long did Germans work on average?

Answer 13

60-72 hours a week

Question 14

who worked on the DAF?

Answer 14

dr Robert Ley

Question 15

how much was the average factory worker earning by 1936?

Answer 15

35 marks a week, 10× more than the dole money in 1932

Question 16

why was strength through joy
(KdF) created?

Answer 16

-dr robert ley thought that the 3,740 hours of free time in a year shouldn’t be wasted as people with nothing to do would become bored and frustrated, therefore they would become bored and frustrated workers

Question 17

what were some leisure programmes arranged?

Answer 17

-a cruise to canary island (62 marks/2 weeks wages)
-walking holidays in the mountains (28 marks)

Question 18

how were people encouraged to be loyal to the nazis through the strength through joy programme?

Answer 18

only hard-working and loyal nazi members were given the chance to go on holiday

Question 19

what were qualities of the ideal
nazi woman?

Answer 19

-no smoking
-no dyed hair
-no revealing clothes
-not slim but physically robust

Question 20

what 3 values did women need to uphold?

Answer 20

-children, church, cooking

Question 21

what did goebbels say the mission of women was?

Answer 21

to be beautiful and bring children into the world

Question 22

what was the role of men in nazi
germany?

Answer 22

to be productive and creative in politics and war

Question 23

the 1000 year reich

Answer 23

-hitler believed that his actions would create a nazi empire that would last 1000 years
-he needed women to have as many children as possible to support this

Question 24

how was motherhood encouraged?

Answer 24

-honour cross of the german mother for women with large families

-loan of 1,000 marks for new marriage, 250 marks wiped off the loan for every child born

Question 25

what was the impact of the encouragement of motherhood on women’s lives?

Answer 25

-women went into agriculture & industry (5.2 million by 1938)
-number of employed women rose (more money needed for bigger families)

-marriages increased
-birth rates rose in the early 1930s then fell again by 1939

-1939: few women had professional jobs
-women in higher education fell

Question 26

how did education indoctrinate the young? (education)

Answer 26

-textbooks rewritten to showcase greatness of nazis
-history celebrated german victories, disasters were blamed on communists & jews
-biology studied differences between races and explained the greatness of
aryans
-teachers had to go on compulsory training during school holidays to put across nazi ideas in their lessons

Question 27

youth group examples

Answer 27

hitler youth, league of german maidens

Question 28

by 1938 how many germans belonged to hitler youth groups?

Answer 28

8 million

Question 29

what training did hitler youths do?

Answer 29

-read maps
-sports
-acrobatics

Question 30

what were girls taught to do?

Answer 30

cook & clean

Question 31

when was membership of the hitler youth made compulsory?

Answer 31

1939

Question 32

what were the successes of hitler youth groups?

Answer 32

-8 million joined
-many obeyed the Nazis instead of their parents and denounced their parents to the SS

Question 33

why was hitler fixated on the youth of germany?

Answer 33

-they were the future of germany (soldiers or mothers)
-he thought that the young were easy brainwash

Question 34

nuremberg laws

Answer 34

1935:
-prohibited germans from marrying or having sexual relations with non-jews
-prohibited Jews from attending schools or universities, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine or publishing books
-took away voting rights
-jews no longer german citizens

Question 35

kristallnacht (why, what & result)

Answer 35

-november 9, 1938
-when mobs throughout germany destroyed jewish property and terrorized jews

WHY: (nazis demonised jews & isolated them from the public) a polish jew shot a german diplomat on the 7th november

WHAT: synagogues burnt, homes & businesses’ destroyed, 100 jews killed directly. jewish community fined to pay for damages. some Jews commited suicide, some died in hospital. jewish men and boys were send to cc camps. in following months, 30,000 german jews were arrested & taken to cc camps

RESULT: no murder charges for the Nazis, more concentration camps, increased violence against jews

Question 36

Where did jews migrate to after kristallnacht?

Answer 36

shanghai, USA, great britain

Question 37

kinder transport

Answer 37

-rescue mission that took place nine months prior to the outbreak of WWII
-UK took in nearly 10,000 predominantly jewish children from nazi germany without their parents
-the children were placed in british foster homes, hostels, and farms

Question 38

what was the international reaction to kristallnacht?

Answer 38

sight outrage after the first days, then nothing

Question 39

why were the nazis anti-semitic?

Answer 39

-economic jealously - jewish communities had historically been involved in money lending and banking
-jews were used as a scapegoat for the loss of WWI
-historical anti-semitism made jews easy targets and a way to gain favour with people who already disliked the jews

Question 40

volkswagen scheme

Answer 40

-gave germans the opportunity to buy a car over a long period of time
-paid 5 marks a week till 750 marks were in the bank, car was never given

Question 41

how did rearmament help unemployment fall in germany?

Answer 41

-in march 1935, compulsory military service started for young men and an air force was set up
-46 billion marks were spent on weapons and equipment meaning more work was given for creating tools

Question 42

how much did the army grow?

Answer 42

100,000 in 1933 -> 1,400,000 in 1939

Question 43

how was germany made self-sufficient?

Answer 43

scientists found artificial substitutes for food and materials

Question 44

untermenschen

Answer 44

“subhuman creatures” those hitler did not believe he needed to treat humanely (jews, black people, gypsies, vagrants, homosexuals and those with mental illnesses)

Question 45

who in nazi germany was sterilised/euthanised?

Answer 45

disabled people