Greater than amount required to maintain normal CO2 elimination - decreased arterial PCO2

1 - Intro Flashcards by michael english

O2 content in arterial blood is dependent on?

PO2

Hg level

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tissue oxygenation depends on what?

Arterial blood O2
-PO2
-Hg level
Cardiac output

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Factors that affect ventilation?

Airway resistance (narrow/wide)
Alveolar surface tension (water increases surfactant decreases)
Lung compliance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What can cause a shirt in hemoglobin carrying capacity of O2?

pH
PCO2
Temp

H pH L PCO2, Temp -> bind O2
L pH H PCO2, Temp -> release O2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What forms is CO2 carried in blood?

Bicarbonate (85%)
Carbaminophemoglobin
Dissolved CO2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What triggers breathing?

CO2 buildup, not low O2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inspiratory capacity

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

Largest volume of air that can be inspired after normal resting exhalation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vital capacity

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve + expiratory reserve

Volume change between max inspiration and max expiration (80% TLC)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Total lung capacity

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve + expiratory reserve + residual volume

Max inhalation (5-8L)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Functional residual capacity

Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

Volume of air present in lungs at end of resting exhalation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tidal volume

Typical volume of respiration

500ml

70/30 broncholes/deadspace

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Definition of tachypenia

Rapid respiratory rate

>20

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hyperventilation

Greater than amount required to maintain normal CO2 elimination

decreased arterial PCO2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Orthopenia definition

Shortness of breath while recumbent

cardiac disease MC cause

Occurs immediately upon lying down

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Paroxysmal nocturnal dypsnea definition

waking from sleep w dypsnea

Doesnt occur immediately upon lying down

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Platypnea definiton

Opposite of orthopnea

SOB while upright

Trepopnea definition

SOB while lying on side

DDX for dypsnea?

Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disase
Increased respiratory drive 
-Hyperthyroid
-pregnancy
Anxiety/psych

Hemoptysis

Coughing/spitting up blood from airway or lung

DDX for hemoptysis

Airway disease (MC)
Parenchymal disease
Pulmonary vascular lesions

What causes lung pain?

Lungs do not have sensory pain fibers so…

Pathology to parietal pleura, diaphragm or mediastinum

Diaphragmatic pain refers to shoulder
Pleural pain stays in chest wall

What is the usual cause of diaphragmatic pain?

Usually results from inflammation or malignancy

Rate, rhythm, depth/tidal volume and time spend?

Pattern of breathing

Rate 12-14 breaths/min
Rhythm: regular
Tidal volume: 5mL/kg
Inspiratory: expiratory time 2:3

Sigh?

Prevents alveolar collapse and occurs approx every 90 breaths

Kussmaul breathing

Rapid, large-volume | Metabolic acidosis

Cheyne-stokes

Rhythmic waxing/waning of tidal volume w regular apnec episodes Left ventricula failure; high altitude; neurologic dz

Rapid shallow breathing

Restrictive lung disease, respiratory failure

Accessory muscle use at rest

Significant impairment

Expansion of chest w collapse of abdomen

Diaphragm weakness

Asymmetric chest expansion

Atelectasis; effusion; fibrosis; splinting; unilateral airway obst

Adventitious breath sounds?

Abnormal breath sounds

Continuous sounds

Wheezes - High pitched, muscle whistling Rhonchi - Lower pitched, sonorous, gurgling quality

Discontinuous sounds

Crackles: brief, discrete, nonmusical, popping - fine: explosive opening of airways - coarse: gas bubbling through fluid

Digital clubbing means

Chronic lung infections Lung/pleura malignancies Chronic interstitial lung disease AV malformations & non-pulm conditions

Is cyanosis a reliable indicator of hypoxemia?

Extrapulmonary signs of pulmonary disease

Digital clubbing Cyanosis Peripheral edema

Grades for peripheral edema?

``` Grade 0+ : no pitting Grade 1+ : mild pitting 2mm Grade 2+ : moderate pitting 4mm Grade 3+ : moderate/severe 6mm Grade 4+ : severe pitting 8mm ```