1] Intro To Spine

Question 1

2 functions of the spine

Answer 1

Stability and mobility

Question 2

What does primary curve mean?

Answer 2

Has posterior convexity

Question 3

What does secondary curve mean?

Answer 3

Has anterior convexity

Question 4

What two regions are primary curves?

Answer 4

Thoracic and sacral

Question 5

What two regions are secondary curves?

Answer 5

Cervical and lumbar

Question 6

Protects spinal cord, roof of neural arch, bending forces

Answer 6

Laminae

Question 7

What is pars interarticularis?

Answer 7

Space b/w articular processes

Question 8

How many articular processes?

Answer 8

4 (2 superior and 2 inferior)

Question 9

What 2 processes increase lever arm?

Answer 9

Spinous and transverse process

Question 10

Transmits tension and bending forces

Answer 10

Pedicles

Question 11

What part of neural arch increases in size from cervical to thoracic?

Answer 11

Pedicles

Question 12

Function of the intervertebral disc

Answer 12

Increase motion and transmit load

Question 13

3 parts of the IV disc?

Answer 13

Nucleus pulposus
Annulus fibrosus
Vertebral end plate

Question 14

Mostly water (70-90%)

Answer 14

Nucleus pulposus

Question 15

Nucleus pulposus has primarily what type of collagen?

Answer 15

Type II

Question 16

Annulus fibrosus is primarily what type of collagen in outer portions?

Answer 16

Type I

Question 17

Annulus fibrosus attaches to end plates via ?

Answer 17

Sharpey fibers

Question 18

Annulus fibrosus resists ?

Answer 18

Greater tensile forces

Question 19

WHy are the fibers in the annulus layered in different directions at 45 degrees?

Answer 19

To resist forces coming from any direction

Question 20

Does the IV disc have a blood supply?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

IV disc gets nutrition via ?

Answer 21

Fusion

Question 22

Where is the IV disc innervated?

Answer 22

Outer 1/3 to 1/2 of annulus fibrosus

Question 23

How many degrees of freedom does Interbody joint have?

Answer 23

6

Question 24

What are the 6 degrees of freedom in Interbody joint?

Answer 24

Gliding
Distraction/compression
AP translation
Lateral tilting
Rotation
AP tilting

Question 25

Resists distraction, translation and rotation

Answer 25

Outer fibers of anulus fibrosus

Question 26

Limits extension and reinforces anterolateral portion of anulus fibrosus

Answer 26

ALL (anterior longitudinal ligament)

Question 27

Limits forward flexion and reinforces posterior anulus fibrosus

Answer 27

PLL (posterior longitudinal ligament)

Question 28

Limits forward flexion esp in lumbar area, where it resists separation of laminae

Answer 28

Ligamentum flavum

Question 29

3 ligs that limit forward flexion

Answer 29

Supraspinous Lig nuchae Interspinous

Question 30

Also known as facet joints

Answer 30

Zygo articulation

Question 31

Cervical zygo articulation LIMITS?

Answer 31

Rotation and side bending

Question 32

Lumbar zygo articulations LIMIT ?

Answer 32

Rotation and lateral flexion

Question 33

Cervical zygo facets lie in what plane?

Answer 33

Transverse

Question 34

Thoracic zygo facets lie in what plane? | And favor?

Answer 34

Frontal plane | Lateral flexion

Question 35

Lumbar zygo facets lie in what plane? | And favor?

Answer 35

Sagittal plane | Flexion and extension

Question 36

Association of one motion about an axis with another motion around a different axis

Answer 36

Coupling motions

Question 37

What two motions occur together?

Answer 37

Rotation and lateral flexion

Question 38

Cervical coupling

Answer 38

SB and rotation happen to SAME side

Question 39

Thoracic coupling

Answer 39

SB and rotation happen to opposite side

Question 40

Lumbar coupling

Answer 40

SB and rotation happen to same side

Question 41

What 4 things does motion of the spine depend on?

Answer 41

1] orientation of facets 2] ligament function 3] muscle limitation 4] size of the disc

Question 42

Flexion glide and tilt is ?

Answer 42

Anterior

Question 43

Foramen size in flexion

Answer 43

Increase

Question 44

Spinous process in flexion

Answer 44

Separate

Question 45

Anterior and posterior annulus in flexion

Answer 45

Anterior annulus compresses | Posterior annulus stretches

Question 46

Extension glide and tilt is

Answer 46

Posterior

Question 47

Foramen in extension is

Answer 47

Narrow

Question 48

Anterior and posterior annulus in extension is

Answer 48

Anterior annulus is stretched | Posterior annulus is compressed

Question 49

Lateral flexion motion

Answer 49

Lateral tilt, rotation and translation

Question 50

Lateral flexion foramen

Answer 50

Narrow on ipsi side | Wide on contra side

Question 51

Annulus with lateral flexion

Answer 51

Annulus compressed on concave side | Annulus stretched on convex side

Question 52

Rotation motion depends on?

Answer 52

Facet orientation

Question 53

Which ligament helps protect the disc from tensile forces during trunk extension?

Answer 53

ALL (anterior longitudinal lig)

Question 54

The ? Lig reinforces the posterior portion of the annulus fibrosus.

Answer 54

PLL

Question 55

What is the action of the right SCM muscle on the cervical spine?

Answer 55

Right lateral flexion and left rotation

Question 56

How many degrees of freedom does the Interbody joint have?

Answer 56

6

Question 57

In regards to the disc, the ? Contains primarily pe 1 collagen and can therefore resist ? Forces

Answer 57

Anulus fibrosus | Tensile

Question 58

What structure limits L rotation and R lateral flexion of the head?

Answer 58

Alar ligament

Question 59

What motion do the suboccipital muscles cause, when contracting independently?

Answer 59

Ipsi flexion and ipsi rotation

Question 60

Zygo joints of the thoracic spine are oriented in the ? Plane no favor ? While the lumbar zygo joints are t he sagittal plane and favor ? And ?

Answer 60

Frontal plane - lateral flexion | Extension and flexion

Question 61

What is an attachment of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 61

12th rib

Question 62

The fibers of the annulus fibrosus are oriented at ? Degrees to the horizontal.

Answer 62

45-65