1. Introduction Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
Anatomy definition
A
the study of structure
2
Q
Study of structure
A
Anatomy
3
Q
study of large structures; unaided eye
A
Gross Anatomy
4
Q
What is gross anatomy
A
large structure; unaided eye, see without help
- cadaviers
5
Q
What is histology
A
groups of cells; light microscope
6
Q
groups of cells; light microscope
A
histology
7
Q
Cytology definiton
A
cell structure; electron microscope
8
Q
Study of cell structure; electron microscope
A
cytology
9
Q
Physiology definition
A
study of function
10
Q
study of function
A
physiology
11
Q
List the levels of complexity (9)
A
Atom
Molecule
Macromolecules
Organelles
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
12
Q
What makes at atom
A
molecule
13
Q
what are macromolecules
A
bunch of molecules put together
14
Q
atoms make
A
molecules
15
Q
organelles make
A
cells
16
Q
cells are composed of what level of complexity
A
organelles
17
Q
groups of cells are made from
A
tissues
18
Q
tissues are responsible for making what level of complexity
A
organs
19
Q
Atoms make
A
molecules
20
Q
molecules make
A
macromolecules
21
Q
macromolecules make
A
organelles
22
Q
organelles make
A
cells
23
Q
cells make
A
tissues
24
Q
tissues make
A
organs
25
organs make
organ system
26
organ system makes
organisms
27
What is life
the quality that distinguishes a vital and functioning being from a dead body
28
the quality that distinguishes a vital and functioning being from a dead body
life
29
List some qualities of life
movement
responsiveness
growth
reproduction
respiration
digestion
absorption
circulation
assimilation
excretion
30
What are the environmental requirements for life
water
food
oxygen
heat
pressure
31
Why is the environmental requirement of water important
for chemical reactions
32
Why is the environmental requirement of food important
part of our makeup, we are what we eat
33
Why is the environmental requirement of oxygen
for energy production
34
Why is the environmental requirement of heat important
need heat to keep body temp stable
35
What is the environmental requirement of pressure
survival in breathing O2 and CO2
-affect ventilation
-circulation for heart
36
The state of equilibrium of body functions and chemical compositions which maintains a constant internal environment
homeostasis
37
what is homeostasis
The state of equilibrium of body functions and chemical compositions which maintains a constant internal environment
38
state of equilibrium is referred to as what
homeostasis
39
What kinds of things does homeostasis maintain for a narrow range
temperatures, pH, water, blood sugar, etc
40
Central physiology principal
homeostasis
41
balance of opposite tendencies meet
equilibrium
42
what maintains in face of changing external environment
homeostasis: internal body temp is always at 37 Celsius and 98 degrees Fahrenheit
43
Homeostatic mechanisms is about what
how the body responds to what comes in
44
Requirements of homeostatic mechanisms
sensor (receptor)
control center with set point
mechanisms for change (effectors)
45
what does the sensor (receptor) do
Homeostasis part number 1
- detects what is there
EX: glucose or body temperature
- anything that needs to be maintained needs to be sensed
46
what does the control center with set point do
Homeostasis part 2
- depends
- knows what set point something has to be
EX: brain controls the temperature of our bodies
EX: pancreas, has a set point for glucose
47
what does the mechanisms for change (effectors) do
Homeostasis part 3
-produces an effect
action does something to something else
48
What are the three basic components that homeostasis needs to function
- sensor (receptors)
-control center with set point
-mechanisms for change (effectors)
49
What kind of feedback loop is produced by homeostasis
negative feedback loop
50
Which feedback loop maintains a normal range
negative
51
Which feedback loop increases something dramatically
positive
52
What does a negative feedback do
reduces stimulus changes
effectors against stimulus
53
What does a positive feedback do
increases stimulus
hormonal spikes can occur
54
Examples of effectors in homeostasis
muscles or glands
55
What is the best way to describe the way our bodies are organized
tube within a tube
56
Body cavities are what
spaces of the body that contain internal organs
57
spaces of the body that contain internal organs
body cavities
58
Ventral and Dorsal also mean
Anterior and Posterior
59
What is the true body cavity
Ventral cavity
60
name the two body cavities
Ventral and Dorsal
61
Serous membranes
separates the body cavity from everything
62
What separates the body cavity from everything
serous membranes
63
Body cavity is lined by what membrane
serous membranes
64
How are we organized internally
Digestive tube
- outside the body
extracellular fluids (around cells)
- transported around the body in blood
transported by blood
-nutrients
-waste
65
The outer tube is also referred to as
the body wall
66
The digestive tract is considered to be located where
outside the body
67
What two things are transported by the blood
nutrients and waste
68
What cavity is formed by the skull and spinal cord
Dorsal Cavity
69
What 2 subparts are included with the dorsal cavity
cranial cavity: brain
vertebral cavity: spinal cord
70
Coelomic refers to
true body cavity
71
What are the 2 subparts that make up the ventral cavity
thoracic cavity: heart and lungs
abdominopelvic: intestines, ETC
-adominal cavity
-pelvic cavity
72
Which cavity is the heart and lungs in
thoracic cavity, ventral
73
Which cavity is the brain in
cranial cavity, dorsal
74
Which cavity is the spinal cord in
Vetrebral cavity, dorsal
75
Which cavity is the intestines in
abdominopelvic/ abdominal and pelvic cavity: ventral
76
What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
Diaphragm
77
Explain the relationship between the form and function of body parts and give three examples
Every unique part is what contributes to the overall functioning of the human body as a whole. Specifically, the roles of each body part come from the way each is constructed.
-shape of the human ear is constructed to capture sound waves.
-arrangement of bones and muscles in the human hand makes grasping possible as the long jointed fingers are able to perform this function
-form of the heart’s valves and how it allows for the proper movement of blood in appropriate directions.
78
Explain the relationship between homeostasis and the internal environment
Homeostasis: the body’s ability to keep internal conditions stable for a cell to survive.
79
What living organisms relate to metabolism and how
The physiological events of respiration, digestion, circulation, and excretion are a major part of metabolism as they obtain, release, and use energy.
80
Explain the control of body temperature
Homeostatic mechanisms are responsible for regulating body temperature in all humans. The hypothalamus is the control center that signals effector organs when any detection of deviation from the set point occurs.
- overheat: sweat glands and blood vessels change
-cold: shiver, blood vessels constrict
81
Explain the difference between the axial and appendicular portions of the body
axial: head and neck
appendicular: upper and lower limbs
82
Identify the cavities with the axial portion of the body
cranial cavity, the vertebral canal (spinal cavity), thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities.
83
Fluid compartments make up what
Digestive tube, extracellular fluids, transported by blood, nutrients, and waste
84
extracellular fluid is found where and does what
fluid compartment, stuff transports around in blood
85
plasma is found where and does what
fluid compartments, fluid in blood
86
Interstitial is found where and does what
fluid compartments, fluid in between cells
87
intracellular fluid is found where and does what
fluid compartments, inside cells
88
Extracellular fluid holds what two things
interstitial and plasma
