1: INTRODUCTION TO LABORATORY MANAGEMENT

Question 1

• plays a vital role in the health care

Answer 1

LABORATORY

Question 2

to provide physicians and other healthcare professionals with information to:
1. Detect disease or predisposition (susceptibility) to disease
2. Confirm (verify) or reject (defer) a diagnosis (identification of disease via examination)
3. Establish prognosis (prediction) -> recovery
* diagnosis comes before a prognosis
* D -> P
4. Guide patient management and monitor efficacy of therapy

Answer 2

LABORATORY

Question 3

• plays a leading role in education and research, information technology design implementation, quality improvement.

Answer 3

LABORATORY

Question 4

• diagnosis comes before a prognosis

Answer 4

true

Question 5

• Operated and maintained, partially or wholly, by the national government, a local government unit (provincial, city or municipal), any other political unit or any department, division, board or agency thereof.

Answer 5

1. GOVERNMENT

Question 6

• Privately owned, established and operated with funds through donation, principal, investment or other means, by any individual, corporation, association or organization.

Answer 6

2. PRIVATE

Question 7

• A laboratory that is located within the premises and operates as part of a DOH licensed health facility.
• Hospitals, clinics, schools, medical facility
• E.g. Department of Pathology of NKTI (National Kidney Transplant Institute)

Answer 7

1. INSTITUTION-BASED

Question 8

• A laboratory that operates independently and is not attached (no affinity) to any DOH licensed health facility.
• FREE STANDING
• E.g. Private clinics (Hi-precision)

Answer 8

2. NON-INSTITUTION BASED

Question 9

• Deals with the chemical and cellular analyses of blood and other body fluids.

Answer 9

1. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

Question 10

• Clinical Chemistry (FBS, Cholesterol, HBA1C), Clinical Microscopy (Urine, Feces, Semen), Hematology (Blood test), Immunoserology & Blood Banking, Bacteriology, Parasitology, Microbiology

Answer 10

1. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

Question 11

• Provides processing and examination of surgical specimens as to the physical appearance and microscopic structure of tissues.
• Histopathology (Tumors, Cancers), Autopsy, Forensics

Answer 11

2. ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY

Question 12

• Deals with the analysis of certain genes, proteins, and other molecules in samples from organs, tissues, or bodily fluids to diagnose disease and/or to guide the prevention and treatment of disease.
• Virus (PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction)

Answer 12

3. MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY

Question 13

• Provides direction where organization is going.
• A pattern of behaviors used to engage others to complete tasks in a timely and productive manner.

Answer 13

LEADERSHIP

Question 14

• Provides the “road” to get there
• Primary functions include: POLC
   Planning & prompt decision making
   Organizing
   Leading
   Controlling (effective utilization of resources)

Answer 14

MANAGEMENT

Question 15

effective utilization of resources

Answer 15

Controlling

Question 16

• Provides physical and personal resources
• Flexibility, encourages, creative, problem-solving

Answer 16

1. SUPPORTIVE LEADER

Question 17

• Presents rules, orders, or other defined instructions (concise, detailed) to the individual.
• “direction”

Answer 17

2. DIRECTIVE LEADER

Question 18

• Provides low support and low direction

Answer 18

3. DELEGATING LEADER

Question 19

• Provides high support and high direction

Answer 19

4. COACHING LEADER

Question 20

• They complete tasks for the day.
• Supervisors, team leaders, CMT (chief medical technologists)

Answer 20

1. FIRST-LINE MANAGERS

Question 21

• They are engaged in strategic and tactical activities.
• Operations man, division heads

Answer 21

2. MIDDLE-LINE MANAGERS

Question 22

• Concentrate on strategizing and planning for the next 1 to 5 years.
• Laboratory directors, CEOs, CIOs

Answer 22

3. TOP-LINE MANAGERS

Question 23

Administrator
Organizer & Developer
Risk taker
Inspiration
Thinks long term
Asks what and why
Challenges status quo Does the right thing

Answer 23

LEADER

Question 24

Implementer
Maintains control
Thinks short term
Asks how and when
Watches bottom line
Accepts status quo
Is a good soldier
Does things right

Answer 24

MANAGER

Question 25

* A process where high level decisions are made * Deciding on the objectives of the organization and the need to modify existing objectives * Allocating resources to attain these objectives. * Establishing policies that govern the acquisition, use, and disposition of these resources.  Based in long-term projections with global view:  Pre-planning  Organization  Well-defined goals  Communication  FIRM BELIEF

Answer 25

STRATEGIC PLANNING

Question 26

* Detailed day-to-day operations needed to meet the immediate need of the laboratory.

Answer 26

TACTICAL PLANNING

Question 27

ensure that quality laboratory services are provided like:  Modern equipment  Well-trained staff  Well-designed & safe physical environment  Good management team

Answer 27

key management goal

Question 28

_____________________ and ______________________ have been standard approaches to quality leadership and management for over 30 years

Answer 28

* Total quality management (TQM) and continuous quality improvement (CQI)

Question 29

* Two other tools often used to improve quality throughout the health care industry are _________________________

Answer 29

Six Sigma and Lean.

Question 30

* System of approach that focuses on teams, processes. statistics, and delivery of services or product that meet customer expectations. * Error-free quality, manage by FACT, empowered worker

Answer 30

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TOM)

Question 31

* Is an element of TQM that strives to continually improve practices and not just meet established quality standards.

Answer 31

CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT (CQI)

Question 32

* a performance improvement program, the goal of which can be summarized by the mantra "improvement by eliminating process variation".

Answer 32

SIX SIGMA

Question 33

* SIX SIGMA STEPS:

Answer 33

1. Improved Performance 2. Improved Quality 3. Improve bottom line 4. Improve customer satisfaction 5. Improve employee satisfaction

Question 34

 project good or other deliverable that is critical to quality

Answer 34

1. DEFINE

Question 35

 baseline performance & related variables

Answer 35

2. MEASURE

Question 36

 this involves the data using statistics or graphs in order for us to identify and quantify the root cause

Answer 36

3. ANALYZE

Question 37

 involves performance by developing and implementing a solution

Answer 37

4. IMPROVE

Question 38

 factors related to improvement, verify impact, validate benefits, & monitor overtime

Answer 38

5. CONTROL

Question 39

* A system for reducing waste in production or manufacturing processes * Utilizes techniques that would determine the work activities that do not directly add to the delivery of laboratory services in the most cost-effective ways.

Answer 39

LEAN

Question 40

* 5S:

Answer 40

Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain

Question 41

* PDCA

Answer 41

Plan, Do, Check, Act

Question 42

* ISO

Answer 42

International Standard Organization

Question 43

* CAP (College of American Pathologists):

Answer 43

ISO 15189:2007

Question 44

12 Laboratory Essentials QSE (ISO Standard)

Answer 44

CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Services Institute):