#1 Matter & Particle Model Flashcards
organisation of matter (46 cards)
What is matter
Anything that has mass and occupies/takes up space (has volume)
What is an atom
The smallest piece of unique matter, it cannot be divided by any chemical means
What is a molecule
A chemical combination of two or more atoms.
what is the particle model
The particle model is used to represent the idea that all matter is composed of tiny particles. These particles may be atoms or they may be molecules.
Distance between particles of Solid, Liquid, and Gas
SOLID: particles are very close to each other.
LIQUID: particles are still very close to each other, less close than Solid but closer than gas.
GAS: particles are very far apart.
Movement of particles of Solid, Liquid and Gas
SOLID: very little freedom to move around, can only vibrate in place.
LIQUID: Particles have more freedom to move than solids, and can slide over each other.
GAS: Particles can move freely in ever direction.
5 rules of the particle model
1) All matter is composed of tiny particles.
2) All pure substances (elements and compounds) have their own specific type of particle.
3) Particles are attracted to each other
4) particles are in constant motion.
5) The higher the temperature, the greater the motion of the particles. (degree of agitation).
Different parts of an element in the periodic table.
1) Atomic number
2) Element symbol
3) Element name
4) Average atomic mass
3 parts of an atom
1) PROTON (positive charge, situated in center, have a mass, atomic number)
2) NEUTRON (negative chatge, situated in center, has a mass, average atomic mass=amu – atomic number)
3) ELECTRON: (no charge, moves around atom, has almost no mass, same # as Protons = atomic #)
What is an Element
A pure substance that contains only 1 type of atom. It is impossible to separate an element into other substances using chemical separation techniques.
What is a pure substance
contains only 1 type of particle. The particles could be atoms or they could be molecules
What is a compound
A pure substance composed of 2 or more different types of atoms chemically bounded together. It can be separated by using chemical separation techniques.
What is the periodic table
Is a tool we use to separate the different elements according to certain characteristics.
What is a mixture
A physical combination of (two or more different particle types) at least two different substances.
3 different types of mixtures
1) heterogeneous mixture
2) homogeneous mixture
3) Colloid
Difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
Heterogeneous mixtures 2 or more constituent parts can be distinguished. A homogeneous mixture, there is only 1 visible phase, the constituent parts cannot be distinguished by the naked eye.
What is a colloid
Colloids appear to be homogeneous at first, but the constituent part can be distinguished under a magnifying instrument. The components may separate over time.
What is a solution
One or more substances is dissolved into another substance. It is a homogeneous mixture. .
What is the solute and the solvent
SOLUTE: the substance that is dissolved into another substance
SOLVENT: The substance that dissolves the solute. (greater amount) often but not always a liquid.
What is a phase of matter
Physically distinctive form of matter
What is a characteristic property
It is a property which is unique to a particular pure substance (boiling point of water) or to a group of substances (litmus paper turns red in acids). These characteristic properties are useful in identifying substances.
What is a physical characteristic property
Helps us identify a substance without changing the nature of the substance. (density)
What is a chemical characteristic property
Helps us to identify a substance bt the nature of the substance may be changed by performing the test. (Flame test)
4 examples of characteristic physical properties
1) Melting point
2) Boiling point
3) Density
4) Solubility
