1. notes and revision

Question 1

evs

Answer 1

belief system that shapes the way one thinks

Question 2

cornucopians

Answer 2

technocentrics that believe in the abundance of natural resources and the capacity of human ingenuity to overcome environmental limits.

Question 3

differences between
ecocentrics
antropocentrics
technocentrics

Answer 3

Nature centrered
human centered
technology centered cornupians

The ecocentric worldview – **puts ecology and nature as central ** to humanity and emphasizes a less materialistic approach to life with greater self-sufficiency of societies.

●➔ The anthropocentric worldview – believes humans must sustainably manage the global system. This might be through the use of taxes, environmental regulation and legislation. Is human- centred – in which humans are not dependent on nature but nature is there to benefit humankind.

●➔ The technocentric worldview – believes that technological developments can provide solutions to environmental problems. Environmental managers are technocentrists. Extreme technocentrists are cornucopians.

Question 4

system

Answer 4

a collection of parts forming a functioning whole

Question 5

synergy

Answer 5

the emerging of new properties from a system

Question 6

open system

example

Answer 6

lets exchange of energy and matter eg forest

Question 7

closed system

example

Answer 7

energy in but not matter in or out eg biosphere

Question 8

isolated system

Answer 8

lets no matter or energy in and out. eg universe

Question 9

transfer

Answer 9

Transfer refers to the movement of substances from one location to another

Question 10

transformation

Answer 10

change in form or state of matter ie from liquid to gas

Question 11

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 11

energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be converted from one form to another

Question 12

feedback

Answer 12

this is when an output becomes an input of a system

Question 13

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 13

entrophy increases overtime
entrophy is the measure of disorder in a system

Question 14

equilibrium

Answer 14

“equilibrium” refers to a state of balance or stability in a system

Question 15

1.

tiping point

Answer 15

negative feedback is overcome

Question 16

positive feedback

Answer 16

system moves away from equilibrium

Question 17

negative feedback

Answer 17

system moves towards equilibrium

Question 17

factors affecting resiliance of a system

Answer 17

biodiversity
large population
climate

Question 18

gaia hypothesis

Answer 18

the whole earth is an organism

Question 19

resiliance

Answer 19

ability of a sysytem to return to its original state after a disturbance

Question 20

EIAs

environmental impact assessments

Answer 20

assess the impacts of a project and mitigation strategies.

Question 21

Millenium Ecosystem Assessment

Answer 21

acesses health of an ecosystem using environmental indicators

accessment using environmental indicators to find ways of conservivng theecosystem

uses science to access the environmental indicators to find ways of conservivng them eg using an indicator species to to find a disease and how to treat the population

Question 21

pollution

Answer 21

this is the contamination of an environment with harmful substance that affects the health of organisms

Question 22

acute pollutants

Answer 22

ocur for a short period of time

Question 22

chronic pollutants

Answer 22

occur over a long period of time

Question 23

differentiate the two types of pollution

3 differentiating points

Answer 23

point source comes from a single source
point sources more easily identifiable (than non-point source)
point sources are more easily managed (than non-point source)
e.g. point source such as a sewage pipe/factory smokestack/drainage ditch;

non-point source comes from multiple/dispersed sources;
e.g. non-point source such as runoff of fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural
land/soil erosion from improperly managed construction sites/oil and toxic
chemicals from urban runoff/vehicle-exhaust emissions;

Question 24

primary pollutant

Answer 24

pollutant that hasnt reacted with other chemicals/factors in the environment

Question 25

secondary pollutant

Answer 25

pollutant that reacts with other factors/chemicals in the environment.

Question 25

For a named water pollutant, evaluate two management strategies to maintain the
sustainability of water sources. [7 max]

Answer 25

use alternatives to fertilizers
restoration of waterbodies

Strategy:
use alternatives to fertilizers

Advantage:
stops pollution of resource at source;
can save money spent on e.g. fertilizers

Disadvantage:
can impact food resource productivity;
difficulty in changing people’s behaviour/lifestyle

Strategy:
restoration of ecosystems

Advantage:
community/biodiversity is restored;
will encourage further pollution management to sustain system;
Disadvantage:
high cost of restorative strategies;
full restoration is uncertain/takes time