1. Prevention & Screening

Question 1

Oncologic prevention =

Answer 1

Measures to reduce cancer incidence and mortality

Question 2

Objectives of oncological prevention:

Answer 2

• Reduce cancer incidence and mortality.
  
  • Improve quality of life for cancer patients.
  • Rationalize costs of diagnosis and treatment.

Question 3

Primary prevention

Answer 3

Goal: Reduce cancer incidence by addressing risk factors.
By: - Lifestyle changes (e.g., smoking cessation, healthy diet, reducing alcohol).
- Avoiding carcinogens (e.g., UV radiation, environmental pollutants).

Question 4

Secondary Prevention

Answer 4

= screening
Goal: Early detection of cancer at treatable stages.

Question 5

Tertiary prevention

Answer 5

Goal: Detect cancer recurrence after treatment. (Life-long follow-up, monitoring for secondary tumors)

Question 6

Quaternary Prevention

Answer 6

Goal: Mitigate consequences of advanced, incurable cancer.
By: Pain management, nutritional support, psychological care, and social services.

Question 7

Development of cancer statistics

Answer 7

Increasing incidence
Decreasing mortality

Question 8

Reasons for Rising Incidence

Answer 8

• Aging population.
• Lifestyle/diet changes, environmental carcinogens.
• Improved diagnostics and healthcare.