What glucose transporter is present on the proximal convoluted tubule?
sGLT2
What type of epithelium do we see in the proximal straight tubule?
Simple columnar epithelium with a diminished brush border
What type of epithelium do we see in the distal convoluted tubule?
Simple cuboidal epithelium with some microvilli
What glucose transporter is present in the proximal straight tubule?
sGLT1
Which part of the bladder is covered with peritoneum?
The superior portion only
What chemicals produced by glomerular endothelium strongly regulates glomerular filtration rates?
Nitric oxide
Prostaglandin E2
What specific types of collagen are present in the glomerular basement membrane?
Type IV and XVIII collagen.
What type of epithelium makes up the majority of both the female and male urethra?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What cell is the primary target for aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone?
The light cells of the collecting ducts.
What is the function of uroplakin proteins?
They help to form an impermeable barrier to urine in the transitional epithelium.
What type of epithelium do we see in the loop of Henle?
Simple squamous epithelium
Where does the parasympathetic innervation to the kidneys come from?
The vagus nerve
Where can you find renal corpuscles?
Only in the cortex of the kidneys.
What type of epithelium do we see in the proximal convoluted tubule?
Simple columnar epithelium with a brush border.
At which vertebral level will we find the kidneys?
T12 - L3
What is the purpose of a fusiform vesicle?
They allow the transitional epithelium to stretch without tearing.
What three cell types are found at the glomerulus?
Mesangial cells
endothelial cells
and podocytes.
Where does sympathetic innervation to the kidneys come from?
Lesser splanchnic (T10-11)
Least splanchnic (T12)
Lumbar (L1-2)
Which urethral sphincter is voluntary: the internal or external?
The external urethral sphincter is voluntary.
