1, Structure and Anatomy of the Urinary System Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the functions of the kidney?
Control volume, control osmolarity, help to control pH, excrete some waste products.
How many times is each litre of ECF filtered a day?
10 times.
What percentage of water is recovered after being filtered?
Over 99%.
What percentage of Na+ and Cl- is recovered after being filtered?
Over 99%.
What percentage of hydrogen carbonate is recovered after being filtered?
100%.
What percentage of glucose and amino acids are recovered after being filtered?
100%.
What filtrate components are not recovered?
Waste products like urea, some substances like H+ are actively secreted.
What is the position of the kidneys?
Retroperitoneal organs that sit either side of the spine in the abdominal cavity at the level of T12-L3.
How do the position of the left and right kidneys differ?
The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left due to the liver.
What protects the tops of the kidneys?
The 11th and 12th ribs.
What is the position of the bladder?
It sits behind the pubic bone in an adult and above it in a child.
What is the position of the prostate?
It sits directly below the bladder.
How does prostate hypertrophy affect urination?
It prevents it as the urethra passes through the prostate so can be blocked.
Where do the ureters arise?
From the renal pelvis on the medial aspect of each kidney.
What is the path of the ureters?
They leave the renal hilum and descend towards the bladder on the front of the psoas major muscle. They cross the pelvic brim near the bifurcation of the artery/ ductus deferens and down the pelvic sidewall to insert in the posterior surface of the bladder.
What are the bony landmarks for the course of the ureters?
Arise at the level of L2. Descend in front of tips of lumbar spine transverse processes. Cross into pelvic brim roughly in front of the sacroiliac joint. Enters the bladder, vesico-ureteric junction, at the level of the ischial spines.
Where are the three common sites of kidney stones?
The junction of the renal pelvis and the ureter, the point at which the ureters cross the brim of the pelvis, where the ureters pass into the wall of the urinary bladder.
What is the renal cortex?
The outer portion of the kidney.
What does the renal cortex contain?
The glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and parts of the renal tubules (apart from the parts of the loop of Henle, which descend into the medulla).
Where does ultrafiltration take place?
In the renal cortex.
What are the sections in the renal medulla called?
Pyramids.
What are the structures in the renal medulla responsible for?
Maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood.
Where does urine from the pyramids empty in to?
The minor calyxes.
Where does urine empty from the pyramids to the minor calyxes?
At the papilla.
