1: Structure and Function of Nervous System

Question 1

What does ipsilateral mean?

Answer 1

On the same lateral side

Question 2

What does contralateral mean?

Answer 2

Opposite lateral side

Question 3

What are the 5 lobes of the brain?

Answer 3

1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Occipital
4. Limbic
5. Temporal

First 4 are 1 lobe each just split into 2, Temporal is 2 separate lobes on each side of brain

Question 4

Where are the main 2 sulci of the brian?

Answer 4

1. Central Sulcus (between Frontal and Patietal lobes)
2. Sylvian (Lateral) Fissure (Separates Frontal and Parietal from Temporal lobe)

Question 5

What is the Corpus Callosum?

Answer 5

Broadband of nerve fibres linking R & L hemispheres of brain

Question 6

What is the Internal Capsule? (4 points)

Answer 6

1. White matter structure
2. Bundle of fibres carrying almost all info that travels to and from cerebral cortex
3. Splits structures of basal ganglia
4. Between caudate nucleus and thalamus

Question 7

What matter does the brain have on the outside?

Answer 7

Grey Matter

White inside

Brain is a coon

Question 8

What matter does the spinal cord have on the outside?

Answer 8

White outside

Grey inside

Skinny depressed white don

Question 9

What matter are subcortical structures?

Answer 9

Grey matter

Question 10

What is the definition of a Nucleus?

Answer 10

Collection of cell bodies in CNS

Question 11

What is the definitin of a Ganglia?

Answer 11

Collection of cell bodies in PNS

Question 12

What is the definition of a Tract?

Answer 12

Bundle of nerve fibres (axons) connecting nuclei of CNS

Question 13

What are the divisions of the Forebrain, Midbrain and Hindbrain?

Answer 13

Question 14

What is the forebrain divided into? (2 things)

Answer 14

1. Diencephalon
2. Telencephalon

Question 15

What is the diencephalon divided into? (2 things)

Answer 15

1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus

Question 16

What is the telencephalon divided into? (2 things)

Answer 16

1. Cerebrum
2. Basal Ganglia

Question 17

What is the cerebrum divided into? (2 things)

Answer 17

1. 5 lobes of the brain
2. Limbic system

Question 18

What is the basal ganglia divided into? (3 things)

Answer 18

1. Putamen
2. Caudate
3. Globus pallidus

Question 19

What is the midbrain divided into? (2 things)

Answer 19

1. Tectum
2. Tegmentum

Question 20

What is the hindbrain divided into? (3 things)

Answer 20

1. Pons
2. Medulla oblongata
3. Cerebellum

Question 21

Where does the spinal cord extend to and from?

Answer 21

From: foramen magnum (hole in skull)

To: L1 (after that its cauda equina)

Question 22

Where do sensory neurones enter the spinal cord through?

Answer 22

Through Dorsal Horns

Question 23

What is a Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG)?

Answer 23

Cell body of a sensory neurone that it chucks outside the spinal cord before it enters

Question 24

Where do motor neurones leave the spinal cord from?

Answer 24

From ventral horns

Question 25

What is the central matter of the spinal cord?

Answer 25

Grey Matter = neuronal cell bodies

Question 26

What is the peripheral matter of the spinal cord?

Answer 26

White Matter = axons going up and down spinal cord, arranged into TRACTS with specific organisations (e.g there is a pain tract)

Question 27

What are the layers of the head? (7 layers)

Answer 27

1. Scalp 2. Periosteum 3. Skull 4. Meninges * Dura Mater (Periosteal and Meningeal Dura Mater) * Arachnoid Mater 5. Subarachnoid Space 6. Pia Mater 7. Brain Soggy Pasta Scares My Dog And She Poos Bricks

Question 28

What is the Falx Cerebri?

Answer 28

Internal extension of dura mater into middle of brain (between R and L hemispheres)

Question 29

What are the components of the brains ventricular system? (4 things)

Answer 29

1. 2 Lateral Ventricles 2. Third Ventricle 3. Cerebral Aqueduct 4. Fourth Ventricle

Question 30

What is the Choroid Plexus?

Answer 30

Plexus of cells that produces CSF

Question 31

Where is the Choroid Plexus found?

Answer 31

In all ventricles of the brain

Question 32

Where does the CSF from and to? (4 steps)

Answer 32

1. Lat ventricles - foramina of monro → 3rd ventricle 2. 3rd ventricle - cerebral aqueduct → 4th ventricle 3. 4th ventricle - foramen of Luschka → subarachnoid space 4. Travels rostrally over cerebral hemispheres → through arachnoid villi (granulation)→ dural venous sinuses

Question 33

What are the 4 main functions of the CSF? (4 things)

Answer 33

1. Brain and spinal cord float in CSF → cause lightening of brain 2. Cushions CNS → dampens effects of trauma 3. Removes metabolites for CNS 4. Provides stable ionic environment for CNS

Question 34

What is the arterial supply of the brain?

Answer 34

Circle of Willis

Question 35

What is the Circle of Willis?

Answer 35

Anastomoses of Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) and Vertebral Artery (VA) AMPSAP

Question 36

What are the arteries supplying the Cerebral Cortex? (3 arteries)

Answer 36

1. Anterior Cerebral Artery 2. Middle Cerebral Artery 3. Posterior Cerebral Artery

Question 37

What does the Anterior Cerebral Artery supply? (2 things)

Answer 37

1. Medial Surface of Frontal + Parietal lobes 2. Leg area of motor and somatosensory cortex

Question 38

What does the Middle Cerebral Artery supply?

Answer 38

Lateral surface of cerebral cortex

Question 39

What does the Posterior Cerebral Artery supply?

Answer 39

Inferior surface of brain

Question 40

What is the venous drainage of the brain?

Answer 40