1. Subject of English Lexicology Flashcards
(1-3) (23 cards)
What’s lexicology? Recall its etymology.
From Greek “Lexis” (word), “logos” (learning). It studies properties of words.
How can you characterize a word?
It’s a semantic, phonological and grammatical unit.
What’s lexical semantics?
Studies meanings of words.
What’s lexicology close to and why?
Morphology, since both of them are concerned with forms.
What’s etymology?
A branch of linguistics. Word + History.
What’s the difference between lexicography and lexicology?
They shouldn’t be mixed.
Lexicography. It’s not a branch of linguistics, has a narrow aim. It’s about making dictionaries.
Lexicology. It’s a branch of linguistics, has its own aims and methods.
List and characterize the types of lexicology.
- General. It’s a general study of words, specific features of any particular language.
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Special. Studies characteristics in the vocabulary of a specific language: Georgian lexicology, English lexicology, etc.
2.1. Historical/Diachronic. Gr. dia (through), choronos (time). Deals with the changes, development of vocabulary in the course of time, the linguistic and extralinguistic factors.
2.2. Synchronic. The way the vocabulary is now.
What’s descriptive lexicology/synchronic?
Deals with the vocabulary of certain time of its development. Deals with morphological and semantical structures, investigates interdependence.
What’s system?
A homogenous whole by interdependent elements of the same order, related in certain specific ways.
What’s notion? Where is it introduced from?
From logic and psychology. It denoted the reflection in the mind of real objects and phenomena. It’s emotionally neutral as it’s a category of thought.
What can you say about scope and notion?
Each notion is characterized by both of them. All objects it refers to determine the scope of the notion.
What’s content?
It’s made up of all the features that distinguish it from other notions.
What’s the difference between notion and meaning?
Notion is international.
Meaning is nationally determined and limited.
What’s lexical opposition and what does it demand?
It’s about the difference between two partially similar words. In order for the opposition to happen, there must be some similarity first.
What are the types of oppositions?
Completements (properties): dead, alive;
Antonyms: hot, cold;
Directional converses (directions): east, west;
Relational converses (positions): above, below;
What are the types of words relationships?
Syntagmatic. Linear, chain connection of words to one another.
Paradigmatic. Substitutional/choice. We can replace “dog” with “girl”, etc. and it won’t change grammatically.
What’re word-families?
Words with a common root.
What connections are important to lexicology?
To phonology and grammar (since literally every word belongs to this or that part of speech, etc.).
What’s sociolinguistics?
How language or its use depends on social factors/society (age, ethnicity, social status, other factors which affect the way of language use).
What’s pragmalinguistics?
A branch of linguistics concerned with relation of speech and its users, and its influence on listeners.
What solves most of the problems of lexicology?
Stylistics.
What’s semasiology?
Branch of linguistics concerned with the meaning of words and word equivalents. Also studies the changes words undergo.
How can lexicology help students with words?
Helps to master the literary standards of word usage.
