3. Affixes, Word formation Flashcards
(7-x) (16 cards)
What’s Immediate Constituents?
When you can divide a word further: gent-le.
What’s Ultimate Constituents?
When you can no longer divide a word.
What’s root and affix principles?
It’s about focus on root or affix.
What’s Arnold’s formula?
It’s about division: un+{{gent-le} man+} + -ly}
What is the following called?
un+{{gent-le} man+} + -ly}
Arnold’s formula.
What’s allomorph?
Morphemes that sound alike: -il, -ir, -im.
What are the types of morphological units?
Designator. Points. It’s the core that has a meaning.
Formator. Just affixes: -ed, -s, -ful.
What’s the meaning for the following affixes?
-er, -ful, -ment, -tion.
-er (doer)
-ful (quality)
ment/tion (abstract)
What’s null morpheme?
When there’s no morpheme: goose - geese (instead of gooses).
How is objective reality related to objective category?
Action (obj. reality) - verb (obj. category);
Time (obj. r.) - tense (obj. c.);
List the types of grammatical categories.
Referential. It has references in the obj. reality;
Significative. It has no references in the obj. r., but correlates with conceptual matters: mood, degrees, etc. It expresses speaker’s attitude.
What are the types for tense forms?
Present plane: Present Simple, Present Perfect, etc.;
Past plane: Past Simple, Past Perfect, etc.;
What’s transposition?
The use of a linguistic unit in an unusual environment: “He is a lion”, “He is coming tomorrow” (future with present continuous).
Can suffixes have a stylistic value?
Yes. For example: -iod, -i/form, -aceous, -tron.
What are hybrid words? Give examples.
Words that consist of 2 or more elements from different languages: blackguard (Eng. + Fr.)
What are splinters/semi-affixes?
Words that got cut off either in the beginning or end: mini/max (miniature).
