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CardioResp > (1) Surgery > Flashcards

(1) Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What is anaesthesia used for?

A
  • inducing sleep
  • pain relief
  • muscle relaxant
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2
Q

What is general anaesthesia used for?

A

Major surgery

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3
Q

What is spinal anaesthesia used for?

A
  • co-morbidities
  • ortho-surgery
  • hernias
  • vascular surgery
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4
Q

What is epidural used for?

A
  • pain relief but able to mobilise
  • Labour
  • post-op pain management
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5
Q

What is the pre-op process?

A
  • assess respiratory status
  • clear secretions
  • baseline mobility
  • teach transfers
  • education on type of surgery
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6
Q

What is the post-op process?

A
  • co-ordinate treatment around pain control
  • Increase TV in lungs
  • Mobilise asap
  • gradual return to pre-baseline status
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7
Q

What should be checked before starting treatment?

A
  • monitors
  • drips, catheter, O2 mask
  • surgical site
  • bedside chart
  • pain
  • positioning
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8
Q

What is the cycle of deconditioning?

A
  1. Prolonged rest
  2. Increased risk falls
  3. Increased confusion
  4. Constipation & incontinence
  5. Decreased appetite
  6. Increased risk dysphagia
  7. Further immobility
  8. Increased risk infection
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9
Q

What are general risks of surgery?

A
  • Chronic post surgical pain (CPSP)
  • Surgery time
  • Blood loss
  • Wound infection
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10
Q

What are symptoms of atelectasis?

A
  • breathing difficulty
  • chest pain
  • cough
  • decreased BS
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11
Q

What is the Rx for atelectasis?

A
  • bronchodilators
  • positioning unaffected side
  • ACBT or percussion
  • suction & CPAP
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12
Q

What are symptoms of hospital acquired pneumonia?

A
  • cough
  • dyspnea
  • chest pain
  • decreased O2 saturation
  • increased RR & HR
  • bronchial BS
  • inspiratory crackles
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13
Q

How is hospital acquired pneumonia diagnosed?

A
  • X-ray
  • sputum samples
  • blood tests
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14
Q

What is deep venous thrombosis (DVT)?

A

A static mass (clot) of platelets formed inside veins

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15
Q

What causes DVT?

A

impaired venous return (immobility)

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16
Q

What are signs of DVT?

A

localised pain in lower limb

17
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism (PE)?

A

Is a mass of matter carried in the blood stream

18
Q

What causes PE?

A
  • clot in deep veins in leg breaks off and travels lungs
  • big enough occlude pulmonary artery
  • no perfusion
19
Q

What are the clinical signs of PE?

A
  • sudden SOB
  • increased HR
  • increased RR
  • chest pain
20
Q

What is peripheral vascular disease?

A

Narrowing of the arteries other than those in the heart or brain

21
Q

What are the symptoms of peripheral vascular disease?

A
  • hair loss on the feet & legs
  • numbness and weakness legs
  • brittle slow growing nails
  • erectile dysfunction
22
Q

How is peripheral vascular disease assessed?

A
  1. Ankle/brachial index - compares blood pressure in arms to BP in legs
  2. Treadmill exercise test - measure bp in arms and legs pre & post
23
Q

What are the treatment options for peripheral vascular disease?

A
  • reduce weight
  • smoking cessation
  • manage BP
  • meds
  • nutrition
  • surgery (excision)
24
Q

What are arterial ulcers?

A

Painful injuries on the skin caused by poor circulation

25
Q

What causes arterial ulcers?

A

Poor blood supply due to PVD

26
Q

What is the treatment for arterial ulcers?

A
  • adequate blood supply to heal
  • ABI give indication healing ability
27
Q

What are venous ulcers?

A

Wounds on the skin that don’t heal easily due to poor blood circulation in the veins

28
Q

What is the treatment for venous ulcers?

A
  • decrease oedema
  • increase venous return
  • appropriate compression
29
Q

Where are the venous ulcers usually located?

A

b/t knee and ankle

30
Q

What are the causes for amputation?

A
  • vascular/diabetes (70%)
  • trauma (30%)
  • tumour
31
Q

What is involved in a pre-op amputation assessment?

A
  • strength and ROM throughout
  • balance ability
  • vision, hearing, cognitive
  • social hx
  • educate re-optimal position for residual limb
  • mobility
  • transfer training
32
Q
A

CardioResp (9 decks)

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