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CardioResp > (7) Cardiovascular System 2 > Flashcards

(7) Cardiovascular System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of heart disease?

A
  • heart failure
  • coronary heart disease
  • valve disease
  • aneurysm
  • cardiac arrhythmis
  • cardiomyopathy
  • pericarditis
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2
Q

What is the most common heart disease?

A

coronary artery disease

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3
Q

Whats the difference between stable and unstable angina?

A
  • stable is predictable
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4
Q

What are the acute coronary syndromes?

A
  • STEMI
  • NSTEMI
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5
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A
  • major blood vessels supplying the heart are narrowed
  • The reduced blood flow can cause chest pain and shortness of breath
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6
Q

What is a myocardial infarction?

A

blockage of one of the arteries surrounding the heart

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7
Q

What interventions can be used if someone has a blockage or an MI?

A

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

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8
Q

How does a PCI work?

A
  • usually up through femoral artery
  • inflates once reaches blockage
  • stent left there and keeps artery open
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9
Q

What is a coronary artery bypass graft?

A

surgical procedure to treat coronary artery disease, the buildup of plaques in the arteries of the heart (MI)

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10
Q

What is said to patients about lifting objects following a coronary artery bypass?

A

not too lift or push anything heavier than a kettle for a few weeks

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11
Q

What patients would have considerable more risk of inadequate healing following a coronary artery bypass graft?

A
  • obesity
  • diabetes
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12
Q

Where is the graft taken from for a coronary artery bypass graft?

A
  • radial artery
  • saphenous vein
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13
Q

Why choose a CABG over a PCI?

A
  • CABG less invasive
  • depends on disease burden
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14
Q

What are complications post CABG (8)?

A
  • atrial fibrillation
  • high bp
  • resp conditions (atelectasis of left lung)
  • bleeding
  • pericardial effusion
  • neuro complications
  • sternal wound
  • graft wound
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15
Q

Why put someone on high flow oxygen?

A
  • heated humidification (secretion clearance)
  • fast vs slow
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16
Q

Day 1 intervention post CABG x2?

A
  • check notes & vitals
  • look out for if they’re on Noradren
  • check with nurse
  • sit out on edge of bed (keeping an eye BP, MAP & O2)
  • check leg strength before standing him
  • transfer him to a chair
  • go through ACBT
  • depending on how he gets on may take for a walk
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17
Q

Day 3 intervention post CABG x2?

A
  • walking/moving him 200-300m
  • room air?
  • discharge planning (stairs, cardiac rehab)
  • educate importance of moving (secretions, recovery)
18
Q

Discharge post CABG x2?

A
  • smoking cessation
  • benefits quitting smoking
  • progressing exercise plan (generally on flat surface)
  • breathlessness
  • expectations on cardiac rehab
19
Q

What are the most common arrythmias?

A
  • Atrial (fibrillation, flutter)
  • Ventricular (tachycardia, fibrillation)
20
Q

What are some interventions for atrial arrhythmias?

A
  • medication
  • cardioversion
  • ablation
  • maze procedure
21
Q

What are ventricular arrhythmias?

A
  • more serious, can lead to cardiac arrest
22
Q

What are interventions for ventricular arrhythmias?

A
  • treatment with ICD
  • mini defibrillator
23
Q

How does bradycardias occur?

A
  • Aging
  • post MI
  • congenital
  • post heart surgery
  • underactive thyroid
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • Inflammatory disease
  • Medication
24
Q

What is important for bradycardias?

A
  • avoid repetitive overarm activity
  • pacemakers
25
Q

What are interventions for tachycardias?

A
  • beta blockers
  • lifestyle modifications
26
Q

What are the four valves of the heart?

A
  • pulmonary
  • tricuspid
  • mitral
  • aortic
27
Q

What are two valve diseases?

A
  • stenosis (back pressure to chambers)
  • regurgitation (blood isn’t effectively emptied)
28
Q

Day 1 intervention post aortic valve replacement (AVR)?

A
  • speak nurse about pain management before physio
  • sit on edge of bed?
  • check BP (pump ankles or squeeze glutes)
  • try stand her
  • march on spot, get her out t o chair?
  • Wean O2?
  • Go over her chest clearance
  • if able could walk her
29
Q

Day 3 intervention post aortic valve replacement (AVR)?

A
  • airway clearance
  • start O2 if saturation low
  • monitor vitals
  • progress with mobility
30
Q

Discharge post aortic valve replacement (AVR)?

A
  • smoking cessation
  • benefits quitting smoking
  • progressing exercise plan (generally on flat surface)
  • breathlessness
  • expectations on cardiac rehab
31
Q

What are the cardiomyopathies?

A
  • dilated
  • restrictive
  • hypertrophic
32
Q

Heart Transplants

A
  • average 16 per year
  • fitness for transplant essential
  • denervated heart
  • rejection (regular biopsies)
  • immunosuppression
  • risk for malignancy
33
Q

Day 1 intervention post cardiac transplant for advanced dilated cardiomyopathy?

A
  • quick resp Ax
  • usually no secretions
  • not doing a whole lot
34
Q

Day 3 intervention post cardiac transplant for advanced dilated cardiomyopathy?

A
  • try mobilise (best thing post cardiac surgery)
  • sit over edge of bed
  • try stand him
  • if stable, try get to chair
  • try wean O2
35
Q

Day 7 intervention post cardiac transplant for advanced dilated cardiomyopathy?

A
  • exercise program (walking)
  • education
36
Q

What are the two types of Vascular disease?

A
  • Arterial (carotid, reynauds, renal, peripheral)
  • Venous (varicose veins, thoracic outlet syndrome, chronic venous insufficiency)
37
Q

What is prevention methods for vascular disease?

A
  • endarterectomy
  • bypass
  • angioplasty
  • stenting
38
Q

Day 1 intervention post left fem-pop bypass?

A
  • pain relief
  • mobilise (risk DVT)
  • may need walking aid
  • need blood flow
39
Q

Day 3 intervention post left fem-pop bypass?

A
  • progress one crutch
  • discharge planning
  • smoking cessation
  • lifestyle changes
  • exercise education
40
Q

What is secondary prevention for vascular disease?

A
  • lifestyle management & risk factor modification
  • cardiac rehab

CardioResp (9 decks)

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