1. Thr Particulate Nature Of Matter

Question 1

Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in solids

Answer 1

Tightly packed together in a regular arrangement

Vibrate in fixed position

Question 2

Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in liquids

Answer 2

Closely packed together but able to move past each other

Vibrate and move around each other

Question 3

Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in gases

Answer 3

Well separated in a random arrangement

Vibrate and move freely at high speeds

Question 4

Compare the relative energies of particles in solids, liquids and gases

Answer 4

Particles in a solid have the least amount of energy and particles in a gas have the most energy

Question 5

What are the names for the state changes from solid to liquid and vice versa

Answer 5

Solid —> liquid - melting

Liquid —> solid - freezing

Question 6

What are the names for the state changes from liquid to gas and vice versa

Answer 6

Liquid —> gas - evaporation

Gas —> liquid - condensation

Question 7

What is the term describing when a solid changes straight into a gas

Answer 7

Sublimation

Question 8

Describe the forces between particles in solids, liquids and gases

Answer 8

Solids - strong force of attraction between particles which keep them in fixed positions

Liquid - weaker attractive forces than in solids

Gases - no intermolecular forces so particles move randomly

Question 9

Use kinetic theory to describe what happens when a solid melts

Answer 9

Particles in the solid absorb thermal energy when heated and convert into kinetic energy

This causes the particles to vibrate more

The solid then expands until the structure breaks, and it becomes a liquid

Question 10

Use kinetic theory to describe what happens when a liquid freezes

Answer 10

When cooled, the liquid particles slow down

Eventually, the particles move slow enough for forces to hold the particles in a regular solid structure

Question 11

Use kinetic theory to describe what happens when a liquid evaporates

Answer 11

Particles near the surface of the liquid gain sufficient energy from the surroundings to overcome the forces between molecules and evaporate

Question 12

Use kinetic theory to describe what happens when a liquid boils

Answer 12

When heated, the particles gain energy and will eventually move fast enough to overcome the forces between them

Question 13

Use kinetic theory to describe what happens when a gas condense

Answer 13

When cooled, the gas particles slowdown and get closer together

Eventually the forces between the particles will be great enough for the substance to become a liquid

Question 14

Use kinetic theory to describe what happens during sublimation

Answer 14

Particles on the surface of a solid gain sufficient energy to overcome all forces between them and become a gas

This similar to evaporation but occurs with solids rather than liquids

Question 15

Substance A melts at -183 C and boils at -50. What state is A at -90 C

Answer 15

Liquid

Question 16

How does pressure affect the motion of gas particles

Answer 16

As pressure increases, the motion of the particles increases

Question 17

How does temperature affect the motion of gas particles

Answer 17

As temperature increases, pressure and the kinetic energy of the particles increases which causes the particles to move more

Question 18

Fluids are what state of matter

Answer 18

Liquid or gas

Question 19

True or false

Particles in fluids move randomly

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

Explain Brownian motion

Answer 20

Particles in a fluid move randomly because they are bombarded by other randomly moving particles in the fluid

Question 21

What is evidence for the kinetic particle model of matter

Answer 21

The random motion of particles in a suspension

Question 22

Explain the process of diffusion

Answer 22

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Diffusion is a process that requires no energy

Question 23

Which states of matter does diffusion occur in

Answer 23

Liquids and gases

Question 24

How does the diffusion rate depend on molecular mass

Answer 24

Particles with a smaller molecular mass have a higher average speed

The rate of diffusion is quicker for molecules with a smaller molecular mass as they can move to different regions faster