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Neurobiology 1 > 10-1 > Flashcards

10-1 Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Chemical senses

A
  1. Olfaction
  2. Vomeronasal
  3. Gustatory
  4. Trigeminal Chemosensory
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2
Q

Olfaction

A

Smell

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3
Q

Vomeronasal

A

Pheromone

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4
Q

Gustatory

A

Taste

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5
Q

Trigeminal Chemosensory

A

Noxious molecules

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6
Q

All 4 chemical senses can detect _____

A

Noxious molecules/irritants

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7
Q

Stimuli of olfaction

A

Odorants

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8
Q

How does olfaction help us identify food vs. noxious substances

A

Foods infected with bacteria have a smell

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9
Q

Olfaction influences:

A

Reproduction, social interaction defensive responses, and feeding

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10
Q

Vomeronasal is closely associated with ____

A

Olfaction

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11
Q

What does the vomeronasal system detect

A

Airborne odors produced by predators, prey, and potential mates

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12
Q

What animals have a vomeronasal system

A

Most mammals (not humans)

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13
Q

What detects food taste

A

Receptors in the tongue

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14
Q

Stimuli of gustatory system

A

Tastants

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15
Q

Most foods are soluble in ___ or___

A

Water or fat

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16
Q

What does the trigeminal chemosensory system detect

A

Noxious molecules that can cause AP in all senses

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17
Q

Odorant

A

Chemical with a smell

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18
Q

Concentration of water soluble needed to smell

A

High concentration

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19
Q

Concentration of fat soluble needed to smell

A

Low concentration

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20
Q

How are odors grouped

A

By whether they are water or fat soluble

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21
Q

Why can you smell lipid soluble smells at a lower concentration

A

Mucus is a fatty lipid-based solution that mixes with lipids in the nose. Smell sticks to the mucus and stays there

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22
Q

Discrimination

A

Being able to differentiate between different odors

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23
Q

Ansomia

A

Loss of olfactory sensitivity

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24
Q

What is the first sense we lose

A

Smell

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25
What is loss of smell used to diagnose
Alzheimers, Parkinsons and MS
26
____ is associated with anosmia
Aging
27
Olfactory test
Close eyes and smell 7 scents. Normal people will get 90% correct, and anosmic people will get 50% correct
28
Reasons for anosmia in aging people
1. Destruction of neurons in the nose | 2. Part of the brain that processes smell may not work
29
Parts of the brain that process olfactory info
Orbitofrontal and media cerebral cortex
30
Why is olfactory activity lower in the aging brain
1. Not much info coming from the nose | 2. Neurons lost in this part of the brain
31
Nair
Where air enters the nose
32
Center bone of the nose
Nasal septum
33
Olfactory turbinates
Bones of the nose on both sides of the septum
34
Parts of the turbinates
1. Superior 2. Middle 3. Inferior
35
Epithelium found in front where air is entering the nose
Respiratory epithelium
36
Where is epithelium in those nose
Smeared on top of the turbinates
37
What is thinner: respiratory or olfactory epithelium
Respiratory
38
Where are olfactory receptors located
In the olfactory neuron of the olfactory epithelium
39
Brain is separated from the turbinate by a bone called _____
Cribriform plate
40
What bone is the cribriform plate part of
Ethamoid bone
41
How do olfactory neurons get through the cribriform plate and go to the olfactory bulb
It is perforated (has holes)
42
What does the short axon of the bipolar olfactory neuron end in
Olfactory knob
43
Where does the long axon of the bipolar olfactory neuron go
Through the cribriform plate
44
Where on the olfactory neuron are the receptors
Olfactory cilia
45
How is the olfactory nerve I formed
Long axons bundle and go up to the olfactory bulb
46
Bowman's gland
Produces mucus
47
Another name for mature olfactory receptor neurons
Sensory neurons
48
Why are mature olfactory receptor neurons considered OMP+
They produce the olfactory marker protein
49
Another name for supporting cells
Sustentacular cells
50
Why dont immature developing olfactory receptor neurons produce OMP
OMP is only made when the axon connects to the olfactory bulb
51
What is OMP a marker for
MATURE olfactory neurons
52
What cells divide to make the immature neuron
Basal cells
53
Why are there olfactory cilia
Increase surface area (can hold more receptors)
54
How long do olfactory receptor neurons live
30-60 days
55
Function of supporting cells
Protect olfactory receptor neurons from chemicals (deactivate chemicals, kill virus/bacteria), maintain homeostasis, and clean environment
56
Why is the sense of smell reduced when the nose is dry
Not much mucus to bind odorants
57
What is used to kill olfactory neurons in experiments
Zinc sulfate
58
Zinc sulfate does not kill ___
Basal cells
59
How long does it take to regenerate olfactory receptor neurons
21 days
60
How many genes make odorant receptors
1,000
61
How are genes for odorants made
Switching out amino acids
62
What happens when odorants are put on the cell body
Nothing. This proves that the receptors are on the cilia
63
What happens when odorants are put on the cilia
Depolrization --> taken to olfactory bulb
64
How many transmembrane domains of the odorant receptor
7
65
What type of receptor is the odorant receptor
G-protein coupled receptor
66
Where is adenylyl cyclase found
Knob
67
How many odorant receptor types per neuron
Some have one, some have many

Neurobiology 1 (4 decks)

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