10-11 weeks // Deterministic Effect

Question 1

Radiation sickness that occurs in human after the whole body dose of 1Gy(100Rad) or more of ionizing radiation delivered over a short time.

Answer 1

Acute Radiation Syndrome

Question 2

Three Syndromes:

Answer 2

Central Nervous System Death
Hematologic Syndrome
Gastrointestinal Syndrome

Question 3

Its death requires radiation doses in excess of 50Gyt(500Rad) and results in death within hours.

Answer 3

Central Nervous System Death

Question 4

Its radiation doses in the range of approx 2 to 10Gyt (20 to 100 Rad)

The patient initially experiences mild symptoms of the prodromal syndrome.

Answer 4

Hematologic Syndrome

Question 5

Its radiation doses of approx 10 to 50Gyt (1000 to 5000 Rad)

The manifest illness period begins with a second wave of nausea and vomiting followed by diarrhea.

Answer 5

Gastrointestinal Syndrome

Question 6

Two Periods Associated w/ Acute Radiation Lethality:

Answer 6

Prodomal and Latent Period

Question 7

This period radiation doses above approx 1 Gyt (100 Rad) delivered to the total body, signs and symptoms of radiation sickness may appear within minutes to hours.

It is the immediate response of radiation sickness.

Answer 7

Prodomal Period

Question 8

This period occurs after the initial radiation sickness. It extends from hours or less (50Gyt) to weeks (from 1 to 5Gyt).

It is sometimes mistakenly thought to indicate an early recovery from a moderate radiation dose.

Answer 8

Latent Period

Question 9

It is the dose necessary to produce a given syndrome and the mean survival time are the principal quantitative measures of human radiation lethality.

Answer 9

Manifest Illness

Question 10

It is the dose of radiation to the whole body that causes 50% of irradiated subjects to die within 60 days.

Answer 10

LD50/60

Question 11

It is where the whole body radiation dose increases, the average time between exposure and death decreases.

Answer 11

Mean Survival Time

Question 12

Three Local Tissues that Can be Affected Immediately:

Answer 12

Skin
Gonads
Bone Marrow

Question 13

A higher dose is required to produce a response and it affects organ and tissue.

Effect: Cell Death
Result: Atrophy

Answer 13

Partial Body Irradiation

Question 14

It is the outer layer of the skin.

Answer 14

Epidermis

Question 15

It is the tissue with which we have had the most experience.

Answer 15

Skin

Question 16

The intermediate layer of connective tissue.

Answer 16

Dermis

Question 17

It is a layer of fat and connective tissue.

Answer 17

Subcutaneous

Question 18

It is the stem cells that mature as they migrate to the surface of the epidermis.

Its damage results in the earliest manifestation of radiation injury to skin.

Answer 18

Basal Cells

Question 19

These skin effects follow a nonlinear threshold dose response relationship.

It required to affect 50% of those irradiated (SED 50) is about 5Gyt (500 Rad)

A sunburn like reddening of the skin.

The first observed biologic response to radiation exposure.

Answer 19

Erythema

Question 20

It is the ulceration and denudation of the skin.

Answer 20

Desquamation

Question 21

It is the clinical tolerance for radiation therapy where the skin shreds.

Answer 21

Moist Desquamation

Question 22

Epilation, Alopecia and Fox Mange is a ?

Answer 22

Loss of hair

Question 23

Dose of radiation usually about 200 Rad that causes redness.

Answer 23

Skin Erythema Dose (SED)

Question 24

It is the critically important target organs.

They are particulary sensitive to radiation.

Responses to doses as low as 100mGyt have been observed.

Answer 24

Gonads

Question 25

Male Gonads = ? Female Gonads = ?

Answer 25

Male Gonads = Testes Female Gonads = Ovaries

Question 26

It produces spermatogonia and matures into sperm.

Answer 26

Testes

Question 27

It produces oogonia and matures into ovum.

Answer 27

Ovaries

Question 28

It is produced by both ovaries and testes.

Answer 28

Germ Cells

Question 29

It is the process of development of germ cells. Stem Cell > Mature Cell at different rates and at different times.

Answer 29

Gametogenesis

Question 30

Stem Cells of the Testes = ? Stem Cells of the Ovaries = ?

Answer 30

Stem Cells of the Testes = Spermatogonia Stem Cells of the Ovaries = Oogonia

Question 31

They grow to encapsulate the oogonia.

Answer 31

Primordial Follicles

Question 32

Matured Spermatogonia = ? Matured Oogonia = ?

Answer 32

Matured Spermatogonia = Spermatocyte Matured Oogonia = Oocyte

Question 33

Matured Male Germ Cell = ? Matured Female Germ Cell = ?

Answer 33

Matured Male Germ Cell = Spermatozoa Matured Female Germ Cell = Ovum

Question 34

The only monitoring performed on x-ray and radium workers in 1920s-1930s. The examination includes total cell counts and a white blood cell differential count.

Answer 34

Routine Blood Examination

Question 35

It is another example of cell renewal system.

Answer 35

Hemopoietic System

Question 36

All cells of the hemopoietic system apparently develop from a single type of stem cell. It produces lymphocytes, granulocytes, thrombocytes and erythrocytes.

Answer 36

Pluripotential Stem Cell

Question 37

It is blood cells involved in the immune response and manufactured by spleen and thymus. It is white blood cell.

Answer 37

Lymphocytes

Question 38

It is the scavenger type of cells used to fight bacteria.

Answer 38

Granulocytes

Question 39

It is blood cells involved in the clotting of blood to prevent hemorrhage. It is platelets.

Answer 39

Thrombocytes

Question 40

It is blood cells that are transportation agents for oxygen and it is less sensitive than other blood cells. It is red blood cells.

Answer 40

Erythrocytes

Question 41

Radiation induced chromosome aberrations follows non threshold relationship. Whereas, unable to see chromosomal aberrations under a dose as low as 100 mGyt (100Rad)

Answer 41

Cytogenetic Effects