10/15 Lecture - Done Flashcards
One recreationist for 12 hours OR two recreationists for six hours each equal…
Recreation visitor day
A distinct individual who uses an outdoor recreation area, regardless of length of stay or number of visits is a…
Recreation visitor
Give 3 ways to measure the number of outdoor recreation users
1) Voluntary registration at trailhead
2) Mandatory permits
3) Traffic counter
Give the 7 categories of Leave No Trace (LNT) principles
1) PLAN ahead/prepare,
2) Travel/camp on DURABLE SURFACES,
3) DISPOSE of a waste properly,
4) LEAVE what you find,
5) Minimize CAMPFIRE impacts,
6) Respect WILDLIFE, and
7) Be CONSIDERATE of other visitors
(Nemonic: Purple Dogs Drink Liquid Courage While Chewing)
In Trail etiquette, who should BIKERS yield to who?
Hikers AND equestrian
In Trail etiquette, who should HIKERS yield to?
Equestrian users
On the Sweeney Ridge field trip, which trail condition assessment method did we use?
Rapid-Assessment Method
Give 2 ways measuring trail condition assists land managers
1) Maintaining public safety
2) Assessing/mitigating maintenance costs
One entry by one person for any part of a day is measured as one…
Recreation visit
_______ focuses on the NUMBER of recreational users w/out examining their motivations or behaviors; limiting it can help lower the number of people at one time (PAOT), but still not reduce visitor impacts.
Carrying capacity
Using a standards–based approach, this system identifies standards in advance. It is the most common system and focuses on the level of user impact instead of user numbers.
Visitor impact management (VIM) systems
Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) focuses on the protection of what 2 things?
1) Natural resources
2) Visitor experience
In this management approach, popular in the U.S., stakeholders and management identify biophysical and visitor social conditions that are desired, implementing interventions when desired conditions are not met.
Limits of acceptable change (LAC)
T/F Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) offers more flexibility than carrying capacity.
True
List the 3 steps in Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC)
1) Select biological and social INDICATORS of concern
2) Establish STANDARDS for each indicator
3) MONITOR conditions and if acceptable limits or exceeded, make management changes
(Nemonic: INDICATORS STANDARDIZE MONITORing)
List the 7 steps of Visitor Impact Management Systems (VIMS)
1) Review park management OBJECTIVES
2) Select key impact INDICATORS
3) Select STANDARDS for key impact indicators
4) COMPARE standards to existing conditions
5) If discrepancy, ID probable causes of impacts
6) Identify direct and indirect management STRATEGIES to reduce impact
7) IMPLEMENT strategies
What are the 3 types of UNINTENTIONAL negative OR behavior?
1) Unavoidable (small amounts of hiker’s food feeds wild animals)
2) Uninformed (hiker doesn’t know about need to store food properly)
3) Unskilled (doesn’t know how to store food properly)
(Nemonic: Ignorant Assholes = Stupidity)
Carelessness, releaser-cued, denial, protest, or material gain are all examples of what type of negative OR behavior?
Intentional
Give an example of a DIRECT approach to mitigating negative user behavior.
Imposing rules and regulations (Ex:, restricting specific behaviors, group sizes, length of stay, etc.)
MORE??
Give an example of an INDIRECT approach to mitigating negative user behavior.
EXAMPLES:
1) Modify physical setting (install FENCES, move trail, etc.)
2) Info and education (improve user understanding of issues; encourage Leave No Trace)
3) User involvement (encourage volunteering, partnerships)
4) Fees (reduces # of visitors)
T/F When dealing with negative user behavior, managers and staff of protected areas should GENERALLY use the most light-handed approaches vs. heavy-handed approaches that will achieve park objectives.
True
According to the Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein and Isen, 1985), you often cannot change behavior w/out first changing user _____ and _____.
Beliefs and attitudes
BA
