10/8 Lecture DONE Flashcards
What are the 2 types of interactions in OR?
People and Nature
Give an example of an interaction BETWEEN PEOPLE AND NATURE.
EXAMPLES:
- Viewing scenery
- Mountain biker and sharp curves on a trail
- Fisher and the ocean
- Photographer and wildlife
Give an ex. of an interaction BETWEEN 2 OR MORE PEOPLE in nature.
EXAMPLES:
- In your hiking group
- With others in a campground
- With park staff
- With neighbors to the park
Give an example of a negative BIO-PHYSICAL impact from OR.
Ex.
- Impacts to SOIL
- WATER quality
- AIR quality
- VEGETATION
- WILDLIFE
- LIGHT pollution
- NOISE pollution
Give an example of a negative bio-physical impact to SOIL from OR.
Ex.
- soil COMPACTION from bike and auto tires
- high traffic KILLS VEGETATION; creates bare ground
- increased EROSION of trails and campgrounds
- SEDIMENTS KILL salmon and coral
Give an example of a negative bio-physical impact to WATER QUALITY from OR (From improper solid human waste disposal, oil from boat motors, bathing and soap use, washing dishes near water sources, shoreline erosion, fertilizer into lake)
Ex.
- Degraded OR quality
- LOSS OF fish and WILDLIFE
- USERS GET SICK
Give an example of a negative bio-physical impact to AIR QUALITY from OR.
Ex.
- Auto, OHV, boat exhaust
- Campfire smoke
Give an example of a negative bio-physical impact to VEGETATION from OR.
Ex.
- Trampling seeds
- Gathering firewood
- Planting exotics through animal feed
- Picking flowers
- Grazing pack horses
Give an example of a negative bio-physical impact to WILDLIFE from OR.
Ex.
- Getting too close for photos
- Feeding wild animals
- Poaching
- Camping near water sources
- Interfering with reproduction
- Dogs chasing wildlife
- OHV chasing wildlife
- Leaving food out
- Road kill
Give the 2 broad categories of of Adverse Social Impacts in OR settings.
1) Impacting experience of other users (noisy, over 2) Evidence of others use (trash, bare ground, etc)
________ ________ is the negative appraisal of density of other people, and results from a user’s value judgement.
Perceived Crowding
Give an ex. of Interpersonal Conflicts in OR.
Ex.
- sounds and smell of snowmobiles to cross country skiers
- trail hikers vs. horseback riders
- rafters vs. fishers
Give an ex. of Social-Value Conflict in OR.
Ex.
- wildlife observers object to hunting
- can be one way or two way. One side doesn’t realize they are impacting. (ex: snowmobile noise)
Give an ex. of Substitution Conflict in OR.
Ex.
- Too much noise at crowded campsite, so go elsewhere for vacation.
Give an ex. of a factor that Influences OR impact type and extent.
Ex.
1) Sensitivity of particular species (coyotes vs seals)
2) Type of activity (Heavier uses cause more impact than others)
3) Size of group (Larger groupds cause more damage, sense of crowding
4) Location of conact (lowest tolerance in wilderness, campsites)
5) Length of stay (longer stays have more impact)
6) User behavior (What others are doing)
7) Type of user (Most tolerant of users like them)
8) Density of others present
9) Number of group encounters
10) Level of user experience (Most experience, less tolerant)
