10

Question 1

dispositional attribution

Answer 1

seeing success as being from our own (dispositional) efforts, rather than from external (situational) factors

Question 2

situational attribution

Answer 2

seeing failures as external (situational) factors, rather than from our own (dispositional) efforts

Question 3

optimistic explanatory side

Answer 3

looking at the bright side, glass half full

Question 4

pessimistic explanatory side

Answer 4

snowballing, looking at the negative side, glass half empty

Question 5

actor-observer bias

Answer 5

when evaluating our own behaviors, we are more likely to focus on situational factors rather than dispositional; others emphasize our disposition

Question 6

fundamental attribution error

Answer 6

explaining others behaviors and overemphasizing their disposition while under-emphasizing situational causes

Question 7

self-serving bias

Answer 7

tendency to attribute our successes to our own efforts (dispositional) and our failures to external factors (situational)

Question 8

internal locus of control

Answer 8

believing you have control over your own life and its outcomes

Question 9

external locus of control

Answer 9

believing that your outcome is set or that your actions do not create your story

Question 10

mere exposure effect

Answer 10

people tend to develop a preference for things they are exposed to repeatedly

Question 11

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 11

when we behave in a way that confirms others expectations of us

Question 12

upward social comparison

Answer 12

when a person compares themselves to someone they believe is more successful than them

Question 13

downward social comparison

Answer 13

when a person compares themselves to someone they believe is less successful than them

Question 14

relative deprivation

Answer 14

the perception or feeling that one is worse off compared to others

Question 15

stereotype

Answer 15

idea towards people that belong to a particular group (attitudes - cognition)

Question 16

prejudice

Answer 16

intolerant, unfavorable, and rigid attitude towards a group (attitudes - affect)

Question 17

discrimination

Answer 17

actions that deny opportunities to esteem an entire group or members of that group (attitudes - behavior)

Question 18

implicit attitudes

Answer 18

unconscious beliefs or feelings towards a a group that influence unaware behavior

Question 19

just-world phenomenon

Answer 19

karma

Question 20

out-group homogeneity bias v.s. in-group

Answer 20

treating others different because they are seen as different

Question 21

ethnocentrism

Answer 21

seeing one culture as morally right and others as weird

Question 22

belief perseverance

Answer 22

tendency to cling to one’s initial belief although there is evidence contradicting them

Question 23

confirmation bias

Answer 23

tendency to seek out info in a way that confirms ones preexisting beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence

Question 24

cognitive dissonance

Answer 24

the mental discomfort that arises when a person holds two conflicting beliefs (actions and beliefs not aligning)

Question 25

normative social influence

Answer 25

changing behavior to fit in with a group, wanting to be liked and accepted (Asch study)

Question 26

informative social influence

Answer 26

changing behavior to be correct, smart kid answer

Question 27

central route persuasion

Answer 27

analytical and thoughtful ideas

Question 28

peripheral route persuasion

Answer 28

superficial clues, attractiveness/reliability of speaker

Question 29

halo effect

Answer 29

overall impressions of a person influence how we think about their traits, more attractive as more kind, CELEBRITIES

Question 30

foot-in-the-door

Answer 30

agreeing to a small then bigger request

Question 31

door-in-the-face

Answer 31

saying no to an outlandish request to make your request seem more appealing

Question 32

conformity

Answer 32

individuals changing themselves to align with social norms

Question 33

obedience

Answer 33

following an authority figure

Question 34

individualism

Answer 34

personal autonomy

Question 35

collectivism

Answer 35

putting needs of group over individual

Question 36

groupthink

Answer 36

people conform to group decisions to promote harmony and avoid being outcast

Question 37

social loafing

Answer 37

one exerting less effort in a group than if they were working as an individual

Question 38

deindividualizaiton

Answer 38

losing sense of self awareness and restraint when in a group/anonymity is ensured

Question 39

social facilitation

Answer 39

in the presence of others, easy well-rehearsed performing better

Question 40

false consensus effect

Answer 40

the tendency to overestimate how much others share our opinions, beliefs, or behaviors

Question 41

superordinate goals

Answer 41

shared goals so important they require cooperation between two groups who may have conflicting interests

Question 42

social trap

Answer 42

individuals or groups acting In their own self-interest ultimately harm the collective well-being of everyone involved

Question 43

altruism

Answer 43

selfless behavior that benefits others without expecting any personal gain

Question 44

social reciprocity norm

Answer 44

the mutual exchange of behaviors benefiting both parties

Question 45

social responsibility norm

Answer 45

the expectation that people will help others in need, especially those who cannot repay their aid

Question 46

bystander effect

Answer 46

individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when others are present