10/2 notes Flashcards
what are the three rules for writing electron configgurations
1) Pauli Principle
2)Aufbau Principle
3)Hund’s Rule
Pauli Principle
2 electron per orbital max
Aufbau Principle
ground state of an atom has the most stable (i.e lowest energy) arrangement of electrons
what does the exponent of 1s^1 refer to
number of electrons in the orbital
how many electrons can the p orbital carry
six
how to do short cut configuration of writing electron
identify element, go up 1 row then all the way right
Hund’s rule
for degenerate orbitals, electrons prefer to be in separate orbitals and spin aligned
degenerate
same energy
purpose of hund’s rule
to minimize electron repulsion and exchange energy (quantum effect)
paramagnetic
responds to a magnetic field, net spin is not zero
diamagnetic
does not interact with magnetic field, net spin is zero
what is an excited state configuration
anything that is not the ground state of an electron configuration of ions
anions
add electrons to the lowest available orbitals
cations
remove electrons from highest energy orbitals
what is the exception for cations
in d block: for d block remove the valence s electrons before the d
