10 - Breast Anatomy

Question 1

describe the epithelial structures of the breast?

Answer 1

ducts

glandular lobules

Question 2

describe the mesenchymal structures of the breast?

Answer 2

fat tissue

fibrous tissue

Question 3

when does breast structure change?

Answer 3

with age

during pregnancy

Question 4

how many lobes does each breast have and how are they arranged?

Answer 4

8-10 lobes each

arranged like petals of a flower

Question 5

what is within the lobes?

Answer 5

lobules

Question 6

what is present in the lobule?

Answer 6

bulbs at the end of each lobule which produce milk

Question 7

what are the breasts in both sexes before puberty?

Answer 7

ducts

Question 8

how to describe the growth of breasts between aged 2 and the end of puberty?

Answer 8

proliferation

Question 9

how to describe the growth of breasts between the end of puberty and after pregnancy?

Answer 9

proliferation and differentiation

Question 10

2 aspects of the lymphatics of the breast?

Answer 10

lymph ducts

lymph nodes

Question 11

what do lymph ducts of the breast do?

Answer 11

drains fluid that carrier white blood cells from breast tissue into lymph nodes in axilla

Question 12

what do lymph nodes of the breast do?

Answer 12

filter harmful bacteria and fighting off infection

Question 13

during breast development, when do mammary crests appear?

Answer 13

@ week 4

Question 14

what 3 types of factors determine breast size and shape?

Answer 14

genetic

racial

dietary

Question 15

describe 2 general features of breasts?

Answer 15

modified and highly specialised sweat glands

no special capsule

Question 16

describe extent of breasts in terms of ribs?

Answer 16

2nd/3rd rib to 6th rib

Question 17

describe transverse location of breasts?

Answer 17

sternal edge to midaxillary line

Question 18

what does the retromammary bursa (space) allow?

Answer 18

some degree of movement

Question 19

what fascia do the breasts lie on?

Answer 19

deep pectoral fascia covering pectoralis major and the fascia covering the serratus anterior

Question 20

how is the breast attached to the dermis?

Answer 20

suspensory ligament of cooper

Question 21

location of nipple?

Answer 21

4th IC space

Question 22

what does the skin covering areola contain?

Answer 22

sweat and sebaceous glands

Question 23

name 4 quadrants of breast in a clockwise order?

Answer 23

superomedial

inferomedial

inferolateral

superolateral

Question 24

what is the axillary tail?

Answer 24

extension of breast tissue in the supero-lateral quadrant

Question 25

in the male breast, when is there a temporary enlargement?

Answer 25

newborns and during puberty

Question 26

athelia?

Answer 26

absence of nipple

Question 27

amastia?

Answer 27

absense of breast

Question 28

polymastia?

Answer 28

extra breast

Question 29

polyelia?

Answer 29

an extra nipple

Question 30

name 3 arteries supllying breast?

Answer 30

Thoraco acromial artery Lateral thoracic artery Internal mammary (thoracic) artery

Question 31

where do veins of the breast drain into?

Answer 31

axillary and internal thoracic veins

Question 32

what are the nerves of the breast?

Answer 32

Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 4-6th intercostal nerves

Question 33

what do the nerves of the breast carry?

Answer 33

convey sensory fibers to the skin of the breast also carry sympathetic fibres to the blood vessels and to the smooth muscle around the nipple

Question 34

why are lymphatics of the breasts so significant?

Answer 34

metastatic dissemination occurs primarily by the lymphatic routes

Question 35

describe the lymphatics of the breast?

Answer 35

branch extensively and do not contain valves

Question 36

where does >75% of lymph come from in the breast?

Answer 36

lateral quadrants - to axillary lymph nodes

Question 37

where can other 25% lymph drain to?

Answer 37

some lymph drains directly to supraclavicular or inferior cervical nodes Lymph from medial quadrants – parasternal or to opposite breast

Question 38

what is sentinel lymph node biopsy used for in breast cancer?

Answer 38

Lymphatic mapping & staging of patients

Question 39

what is used to locate the sentinel lymph node?

Answer 39

radiolabelled colloid

Question 40

which lobular unit is the functional milk secretory component of the breast?

Answer 40

the terminal duct lobular unit

Question 41

what do the neonatal breast contain?

Answer 41

lactiferous ducts and no alveoli

Question 42

what does the slight enlargement of breast tissue prepuberty show?

Answer 42

the growth of fibrous stroma and fat

Question 43

describe 3 changes during puberty?

Answer 43

branching of lactiferous ducts alveoli accumulation of lipids in adipocytes

Question 44

describe 2 post-menopausal changes to breasts?

Answer 44

Progressive atrophy of lobules and ducts Fatty replacement of glandular tissue

Question 45

describe 2 imaging diagnostic methods for breast cancer?

Answer 45

mammography US

Question 46

describe 2 diagnostic methods for breast cancer?

Answer 46

fine needle aspiration cytology core biopsy