10 childhood viruses

Question 1

what are some symptoms of measels?

Answer 1

Koplik spots in the gums.

mesels rash

Characteristic maculopapular rash,
cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, photophobia, Koplik spots
Complications: otitis media, croup, pneumonia, blindness, encephalitis

Question 2

Measles mumps,

Answer 2

Live, attenuated viruses given as combination

12 -15 months and 4 - 6 yrs Induce strong, long-lasting

antibody response

Vaccine-induced immunity blocks virus during systemic stage and prevents infection of target organs

Question 3

what disease is this?

Answer 3

Virus infects epithelial cells of respiratory tract. Virus spreads systemically by viremia.

Infection of parotid gland, testes, and central nervous system occurs.

Principal symptom is swelling of parotid glands caused by inflammation.

Question 4

why is the mumps live attenuated viris effective?

Answer 4

• Humans only host • Only one serotype • Lifelong immunity

Question 5

what kind of virus is rubella?

Answer 5

it is a toga virus

that only has one serotype

only effects humans

does not cause readily detectable cytopathologic effects
• can cause asymptomatic infections

Question 6

Prominent Clinical Findings in Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Answer 6

cataracts and other ocular defects heart defects
deafness
intrauterine growth retardation failure to thrive

Rubella rash

mortality within the first year microencephaly
mental retardation

Question 7

what does rubella do in children?

what does it do in neonates?

what does it do in adults?

Answer 7

children: causes a mild rash
neonates: causes congenital defects

Adults: arthritis

Question 8

what is Parvo virsus B19.

what is the nucleic acid?

where does it replicate?

Answer 8

it is a ssDNA

replicate in nucleaus

Question 9

what kind of cells are infected by Parvovirus B19 ?

Answer 9

infects actively replicating red blood cell progenitors in bone marrow (viremia)

Question 10

what phase does the host cell need to be in for parvovirus to work?

Answer 10

must be in the S phase.

Question 11

whats the intubation period for parvo virus?

Answer 11

6 days.

Question 12

• B19 virus usually causes clinically inapparent infection

what is the apparent disease called?

Answer 12

fifth disease

 bright red cheeks
 maculopapular rash
 circulating immune complexes, do not fix

Question 13

what are some complications of B19 infection?

Answer 13

can cause anemia

• In chronic hemolytic anemia patients virus causes aplastic crisis due to destruction of red cell progenitors

When transmitted to the fetus (verticle):

• can cause still births, generalized edema (fetal hydrops), anemia, congestive heart failure
• associated with fetal death, not congenital abnormalities

Question 14

what viruses replicate in the GI track?

Answer 14

rotavirus

norovirus

Question 15

what is the genome of the rotavirus?

does it have an envelope?

what leads to a reassortment of the segments?

Answer 15

11 double stranded RNAs

no envelope - three layer capsid

co infection

there are multiple serotypes.

Question 16

how does rotavirus cause diarrhea?

Answer 16

virus getsin to the cell and causes an internal increase in Ca from ER by making NSP4

the NSP4 can also interupt the tight junctions allowing the paracellualr flow of water and electrolytes.

Question 17

what are teh current rotavirus vaccines?

what are some concerns about it?

Answer 17

RotaTeq

Current Rotavirus Vaccines

Approved by the FDA in 2006
 Live attenuated vaccine, human – bovine reassortant,

mixture of 5 different virus types
 Given 3 times orally between ages 2, 4 and 6 months

Rotarix

Approved by the FDA in 2008
 Live attenuated single human strain, based on most

prevalent circulating strain globally
 Given 2 times orally at about 2 and 4 months

Considerations

 Vaccine related intussusception
 Possible reversion to virulent strain
 Viremia – side effects
 Shedding of virus by vaccine recipients  Immunosuppressed children

Question 18

what virus is the major cause of food borne illness of acute gastroenteritis?

Answer 18

norovirus.

Question 19

when is the most commmon time to get norovirus?

when do you get sympotoms?

Answer 19

in the winter

get symotoms 1 day after and lasts up to 3 days.

Question 20

what is the genome of norovirus?

what could you use for antiviral therapys?

what could you target for virus like particles?

Answer 20

ssRNA+

Logical targets for the design of antiviral therapies Pro – viral protease

Pol – viral polymerses (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Target for virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines

Question 21

what are the viruses that cause viremia?

Answer 21

poliovirus

enterviruses

• coxsackie virus
• echovirsu

Question 22

what are 4 clinical syndroms that are associated with enterovirus?

Answer 22

paralytic diesase

encephalitus, meningitis

respitory tract infections

undifferentiated fever.

Question 23

when are the most enterovirus cases seen?

Answer 23

in the late summer and fall.

Question 24

• Most viral meningitis, especially in the summer months, is caused by enteroviruses

wat are the symptoms seen in kids?

what are the symptoms seen in adults?

Answer 24

Common symptoms in infants

• Fever
• Irritability
• Poor eating
• Hard to awaken

Common symptoms in adults

• Headache
• Fever, chills
• Nausea, vomiting • Stiff neck
• Sensitivity to light

Question 25

what causes herpangina?

what is it?

Answer 25

coxsackie A causes herpangina