1.0: China before 1949

Question 1

1800-1945 losses

Answer 1

century of humiliation
Opium Wars 1839-60, lost Hong Kong
Jap Invasion 1894-5
Manchurian Incident 1931-33 (300,000 injured)

Question 2

1800-1945 wins

Answer 2

Boxer rebellion 1899-1901: against foreigners
May 4th Movement against ToV
Kuomintang & Comm. uniting against warlords 1923-27
-> only significant progress was right at end

Question 3

CAPITALISM

Answer 3

Inequality encouraged
Money theoretically proportional to effort
Aim is equality of opportunity
Private business and profit, individual rights
individual over community

Question 4

COMMUNISM

Answer 4

Working class rules
Aim is equality of outcome
More social awareness - healthcare, education…
(Authoritarian dictatorship)
All property is communal
community over individual

Question 5

MAO ZEDONG THOUGH

Answer 5

1. peasants leaders of rev
2. Chinese nationalism (east>west)
3. permanent revolution (purges & legacy)
4. Mass mobilisation (enthusiasm>expertise, quantity>quality)

Question 6

Mao’s Quotes

Answer 6

‘Women hold up half the sky’
‘Political power comes from the barrel of the gun. The party must control the gun and the gun must not control the party’
‘I have witnessed the tremendous energy of the masses, on this foundation it is possible to achieve any task whatsoever’.

Question 7

MAOISM & BOLSHEVISM: Similarities

Answer 7

ideas by Marx
wealthy hand over wealth to government
officials regularly purged

Question 8

MAOSIM: Own ideas

Answer 8

Peasants lead revolution (not workers)
Mao always right
Chinese are naturally communist
Constant revolution
Issues solved by mass participation
Actions over book learning

Question 9

MAO: background

Answer 9

well-off peasant family but couldn’t go to uni (resentment)
worked at Beijing Uni -> read Marxist lit
set up Comm. Part 1921, created Maoism

Question 10

MAO: Achievements

Answer 10

KMT alliance 1923-27, 1937-45
Long March 1934
Won Civil War 1946-49
PCR FOUNDED 1-10-49

Question 11

MAO: failures

Answer 11

Anti-comm. purge by KMT 1927, closing in 1934
GLF caused 15M+ deaths
CR caused 1.5M deaths, nearly caused anarchy

Question 12

CCW 1946-49: Communists

Answer 12

support of peasants (demanded soldiers treat them well)
guerilla tactics
Mao led Communists to safety in ‘Long March’ = legend

Question 13

CCW 1946-49: Kuomintang

Answer 13

divisions within party
outnumbered Comm by 4:1 in 1946
lost support of people by abusing them: GG, BS…
appointed poor generals
Rushed army to north instead of outsourcing the Communists

Question 14

Nationalist abuse of peasants

Answer 14

Stole food supplied by UN (corruption)
‘Green Gang’ gangsters who controlled population through fear tactics
‘Blue Shirt’ organisation similar to Gestapo
Hyperinflation during Chiang Kai-Shek

Question 15

CCW 1946-49: Other Nations

Answer 15

USSR invaded Northern China and allowed the Communists to control it
USA gave money to nationalists (prevented communism)