1.3: Defeating The CCP's Opponents

Question 1

Labelling

Answer 1

social divisions
Red: (good): peasants, industrial workers, pre 1949 revolutionaries
Black: (bad) capitalists, land owners, nationalists
encourages communist behaviour

Question 2

Forms of labelling/control

Answer 2

Dawei: work unit controlling aspects of day-day life
Dangan: held information on people
Millions of lives ruined

Question 3

Crackdown on crime

Answer 3

petty criminals and organised crime
popular movement after years of terror: violence was huge as there was no centralised power
by police

Question 4

Great Terror 1951-52

Answer 4

Mao’s first purge of counter revolutionaries with violence
spreads culture of fear
Purge of CCP strengthens his position and he preserves the support of the people (he is “not” ordering this)

Question 5

Great Terror 1951-52 - key figures

Answer 5

Killed nearly 2 million
Tao Zhu: controlled Vietnam border which used to be nationalist: killed 46000
Lou Riquing: ordered increased killings in local areas

Question 6

Reunification Campaigns

Answer 6

guandong, xinjiang, tibet
PLA to occupy areas
controls most dangerous opposition
Long lasting effect
purifying ethnicities

Question 7

Struggle Sessions

Answer 7

opponents publicly humiliated and forced into confessing their ‘crimes’
this instead of a secret police as (feared they would become more powerful than him)

Question 8

3+5 Antis-Campaign

Answer 8

government officials forced into humiliating confessions (torture)
Many committed suicide
People were very scared of opposing CCP
Bo Yibo led campaign
By 1952, 100,000 ‘tigers’ captured
Gao-Gang prominent communist purged
bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property…

Question 9

Laogai

Answer 9

Harry Wu life sentence for expressing political opinion
new prison camp system in Soviet Gulag with political prisoners
terrible conditions, Though Reform

Question 10

Laogai FFS

Answer 10

25 million died 1949-1976
By 1953, 2 million prisoners
Contributed 700 million yuan and 350,000 tonnes of grain per state / year by 1955
90% inmates were political prisoners

Question 11

Hundred Flowers Campaign

Answer 11

uprising against gov in Hungary inspires Mao to let people criticise government
Too much criticism emerged: reversed it by saying he wanted to ‘lure snakes out’
500,000 to Laogai