10. Command and Control, CIMS, Emergency Management Flashcards
What is the purpose of Command and Control?
To provide a foundation from which our commanders can perform their duties, be agile in response, and have the freedom to respond to circumstances as they evolve. These principles are aimed at enabling our people to use their reasoned judgment and their operational experience to develop responses.
Who generally has the responsibility to assume command?
The most senior officer either in rank or service. However, officers of a senior rank shouldn’t automatically assume the role, solely based on a rank but the most suitable or qualified member should assume command. ie a sergeant on a SAR squad may be better placed to command a missing person incident than an inspector with no SAR experience
Describe the principle of delegation?
Centralisation of command but decentralised execution.
Describe freedom of action
The extent to which a commander can carry on tasks in their field of operation. Commander subordinates must be permitted maximum freedom to take the initiative and exercise their S/K in the planning and conduct. Gives commander subordinates the confidence to apply their judgement in unanticipated and urgent situations
The extent of the commanders freedom to act is determined by any limitations set, constraints imposed or risk posed to responders and the community. they must be aware that there may be legal, financial, organisational, political and environmental considerations that impact on their decisions.
Describe the characteristics of command and control
Unity of command and control
- there can only be one command or control structure at any one time. Commander/controller has the authority to control all police and other agency resources committed to the operation. All units must be aware of their immediate superiors, subordinates and interagency counterparts
Span of Command and Control
- limit to the number of people a commander can effectively command or manage. between 2-7 direct reports is recommended. A commander must be given sufficent capacity and capability within their span to execute the mission.
Continuity of Command and control
- must be sustainable. there must be mechanisms in place where the controller or commander can delegate tasks and have identifed replacements. Must be a process to ensure that operations are not disrupted or delayed during transfer of command. During planning phase, alternative Headquarters, contingency plans and a reserve capability are considered.
Obligations of command
- A commander has responsibility for community safety, the health and wellbeing of staff and the reputation of the NZ police. must ensure they have behaved lawfully, ethically and professionally and in line with our values. Commanders are accountable for decisions made and their consequences
Describe command vs control
Control - “’ in control’” of the incident. they can only command staff within their own agency. They do not command other agencies staff, they control the response. Control acts horiontally across agencies.
Responsibility for coordinating and directing the response to an incident. sets priorities and objectives and determines how best to implement them. Includes authority to assign tasks to another agency and coordinate that agencies wider actions so that it integrates with the wider response.
Command - Operates vertically to one agency.
Internal ownership,responsibility and direction of an agencies personnel and resources.
Describe tactical command
When police resources are applied directly within the community. Almost all policing occurs at tactical level.
Exercised by the likes of AOS or SAR commanders.
Functions include
- cordon
- Command of immediate situation and responses
- Command of all police resources in attendance
- Manage interagency cooperation.
Describe operational command
exists when multiple tactical level activities occur or when the complexity of the situation requires a higher level of command.
Functions include
- command of overall incident or incidents
- taskings of specialist groups ( eg AOS)
- Command of resource distribution to roles
- Managing consequences of ongoing responses or event deployment.
- Interagency coordination at operational level.
Describe strategic command
Required when the scope, consequence, community or political implications of an event require management.
Functions include
- Command of overall incident or incidents.
- Command multiple operational activities.
- Command community engagement
Command consequence management
Liasion with executive, government and media.
What are the 4 operational responses for police
Steady state
- managing every day activities that police respond to.
Rising tide
-develop from steady state to become an emergency or major incident over a prolongued time period ie Widespread flooding from severe weather. Require careful consideration to ensure proper understanding and proportionate response is applied.
Spontaneous incident.
Has no warning to develop response or contingency plans. requires initial response, even though information may be incomplete. Initial response may be directed towards increasing the level of intelligence or understanding
Pre planned operations
- Where there is an opportunity and time to develop a plan and tactics. the amount of time of the advanced notice will vary due to the size and nature of the event. May be several hours for a search warrant to several months or years for a major sporting incident. Pre planned can develop into spontaneous incidents. The key distinction is time.
What does AFCO stand for?
Aim ( can include commanders intent which is a clear, concise directive verbal or written which outlines the basic purpose of the operation)
Factors ( So what > therefor) should be documented, Can include community impact assessment
Courses of action- often will be more than once. course of action available to achieve the mission.
Outline Plan - Plan is usually in GSMEAC.
What is the purpose of CIMS?
To enable personnel to respond effectively to incidents through appropriate coordination across functions and organisations, both horizontally and vertically by
-Establishing common structures, functions and terminology in a framework that is flexible, modular and scalable.
- Providing organisations with a framework that they can use to develop their own CIMS aligned processes and procedures that support both own-organisation responses and multi organisation interoperability.
When do you apply CIMS?
all hazards and risks and should be used to provide effective management of a wide range of incidents ie
- biosecurity incursion incident
- Environmental damage incidents
- Fire incident
- Food safety incidents
- Hazard substance incidents
- Marine mammal strandings
- Mass maritime arrivals
- Missing person incidents ( SAR)
- natural hazard incidents
- Business continuity disruption
- communicable disease outbreak and pandemic
- Public disorder incident
- Public health and medical emergencu
- Transportation incident
- Technological failure.
What are the CIMS principles
- Responsive to community needs / Urupare Ki Nga hiahia hapori
- Flexibility / Ngawaritanga
- Unity of effort / Mahi Ngatai
Describe responsive to community needs
Any response should miitgate and manage consequences of an incident on the affected individuals, families/whanau and communities, including animals.
Response personnell must recognise an individuals rights, treat individuals with faireness and dignity and ensure the needs of affected people and animals are identified and met throughout the resposne and into recovery. Communities must be able to actively participate in a response rather than wait passively.
Describe Flexibility
Allows CIMS to be modular and scalable and therefor applicable to incidents that vary widely in terms of scale/hazard or situational characteristics.
Describe unity of effort
Ensures common objectives are met by coordinating response and recovery activities amongst the functions and organizations involved. Allows organizations with specific mandates to support eachother while maintaining their own authorities.
What are the characteristics of CIMS
- Common structures, roles and responsibilities.
- Common terminology
- Interoperability
- Management by objectives
How does incident management benefit by engaging Iwi/Maori in response and recovery?
- Strong networks
- access to community focal points ie Marae
- Ability to mobilise resources appropriately.
- understanding of Tikanga ( Marae protocol, burial practises)
- Able to identify and assess iwi needs
- Understanding of local landscape, including history and sacred sites
- an ability to link with other cultures
Name and describe the 7 key functions of incident management
1- Control - coordinates and controls the response.
2- Intelligence - collects and analyses information and intelligence related to context, impact and consequences, also distributes intelligence output
3 - Planning - leads planning for response activities and resource needs
4- Operations - provides detailed directions, coordination and supervision of response elements on behalf of control function
5- Logistics. Provides personnel, equipment, supplies, facilities and services to support response activities.
6- PIM - public information management. develops and delivers messages to the public. directly and through the media and Liases with the community
7- Welfare - coordinates the delivery of emergency welfare services and resources to those effected.
Also
- Recovery
- Safety
these functions form the incident management team ( IMT)
How does the IMT assist the controller?
Provides advice and specialist knowledge and managing the functions within the area of responsibility.
IMT can also include
- response manager
- technical experts with relevant knowledge
- health and safety advisors
- iwi rep
What is a decision to scale a structure based on?
- Safety of response personnel, public and property
- Size and complexity of the incident, and the extent of response required
- Span of control
Describe single agency, small incident response
Personnel and resources come from one agency, Command and control is simple.
Incident control point (ICP) May be a single vehicle.
Most senior responder first on the scene becomes forward commander/ incident controller and has responsibility for all CIMS functions required for response. If deemed appropriate it may be replaced later by a more senior, experienced or qualified officer.
As more personnel become available, Incident controller may delegate CIMS functions and establish an IMT, while usually retaining PIM (Public information management) and safety functions.
Functions may be combined.
Describe Incident level: Multi agency
Management structure expands in relation to the scale and complexity of the response. Incident control likely to change from the most senior person on the scene to a more senior official or to the lead agency.
Incident controlled likely to delegate most or all functions.
Incident controller responsible for directing the overall response activities across all responding agencies. Includes tasking and coordinating other support agencies who action those tasks within their own command structure
Support agency representatives should be present at the ICP so their specialist knowledge is accessible. Also gives ICP capacity to deal with expanded scope and workload
